Combined immunodeficiency in horses: Characterization of the lymphocyte defect

McGuire, Travis C.; Banks, Keith L.; Poppie, Marinel J.

doi:10.1016/0090-1229(75)90080-x

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The importance of the immune response in this control was rapidly indicated by experimental immune suppression in asymptomatic animals leading to the recrudescence of disease symptoms, even after several decades of infection [79,177]. Arabian foals with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), lacking both B and T lymphocytes, fail to control the initial viremic episode [33,108,133]. Adoptive transfer by intravenous infusion of EIAV-stimulated donor lymphocytes in SCID foal restores the control of viral replication in the reconstituted animal [112,113].…”

Section: Immune Control Of Eiav Infection and Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV?s country cousin got to tell us?

2004

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-Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus, of the Retrovirus family, with an almost worldwide distribution, infecting equids. It causes a persistent infection characterized by recurring febrile episodes associating viremia, fever, thrombocytopenia, and wasting symptoms. The disease is experimentally reproducible by inoculation of Shetland ponies or horses with EIAV pathogenic strains. Among lentiviruses, EIAV is unique in that, despite a rapid virus replication and antigenic variation, most animals progress from a chronic stage characterized by recurring peaks of viremia and fever to an asymptomatic stage of infection. The inapparent carriers remain infective for life, as demonstrated by experimental transfer of blood to naive animals. The understanding of the correlates of this immune control is of great interest in defining vaccine strategies. Research on EIAV, this "country cousin" of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), over the last five decades has produced some interesting results on natural immunological control of lentivirus replication and disease and on the nature and role of virus variation in persistence and pathogenesis. These studies are of interest in the context of HIV and efforts to develop a vaccine. This review will focus on some of the most recent results. equine infectious anemia virus / lentivirus / equids / vaccine / viral evolution

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Section: Immune Control Of Eiav Infection and Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV?s country cousin got to tell us?

2004

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“…Later, similar immunodeficiency syndromes were also described by several researchers in Arabian horses from different geographic regions (6,9,23). Studies indicated that the immunodeficiency observed in these foals was caused by lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, the failure of germinal centers to form in lymphoid organs (7,10,12,13,25). The findings described in these studies were only reported in Arabian horses and exhibited autosomal recessive genetic disorder (5,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Severe combined immunodeficiency is one of the most important hereditary diseases in horses. The first equine SCID cases were reported in 5 to 8-monthsold 29 Arabian foals, had limited resistance to infections (10). Later, similar immunodeficiency syndromes were also described by several researchers in Arabian horses from different geographic regions (6,9,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Investigation of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) disease of Arabian horses raised at the state stud farms in Turkey

KUL¹,

Bengi;²,

ERTUĞRUL³

et al. 2014

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a lethal and autosomal recessive hereditary disorder, which has frequently been reported in Arabian horses, dogs, mice and humans. The genetic basis of equine SCID is 5-base pairs deletion in the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) gene. Up to date, there is no information on the presence of SCID in Arabian horses reared in Turkey either by clinical observation or molecular diagnosis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the presence of SCID mutant allele carrier and to determine SCID incidence in Turkey using molecular techniques. In the study, DNA samples were obtained from 239 Arabian horses raised in state stud farms of Turkey (Karacabey, n=70; Anadolu, n=70 and Sultansuyu, n=99) and they were analyzed using DNA-PKcs gene specific polymerase chain reaction and fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. The result of the study showed that, none of the examined Arabian horses has SCID mutation on their responsible gene region. In conclusion, no SCID carrier was identified among examined stud Arabian horses that were representing the 65.5% (239 out of 365) of all officially registered stud animals in Turkey. It is believed that, this first genetic screening study focused on the SCID determination at national level and the evidence of the disease absence have the potential to increase breeding value of Arabian horses originated from Turkey.

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“…We chose to clone CTL specific for the conserved EIAV Rev-QW11 epitope, which is recognized by high avidity CTL (20), and is presented by the equine leukocyte antigen (ELA)-A1 haplotype-associated MHC class I molecules 7-6 and 141 (17,25). Because the ELA-A1 haplotype is well-represented in our research herd of Arabian horses that carry the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) trait (33)(34)(35)(36), Rev-QW11-specific CTL clones would be excellent candidates for evaluating protective effects by adoptive transfer to SCID foals (19,37). In addition, this clone would be valuable for investigating the differential recognition efficiencies of Rev-QW11 when presented by the 7-6 and 141 class I molecules (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and large-scale expansion of epitope-specific equine cytotoxic T lymphocytes using an anti-equine CD3 monoclonal antibody and human recombinant IL-2

Mealey

Littke

Leib

et al. 2007

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are involved in controlling intracellular pathogens in many species, including horses. Particularly, CTL are critical for the control of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus that infects horses world-wide. In humans and animal models, CTL clones are valuable for evaluating the fine specificity of epitope recognition, and for adoptive immunotherapy against infectious and neoplastic diseases. Cloned CTL would be equally useful for similar studies in the horse. Here we present the first analysis of a method to generate equine CTL clones. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from an EIAV-infected horse and stimulated with the EIAV Rev-QW11 peptide. Sorted CD8+ T cells were cloned by limiting dilution, and expanded without further antigen addition using irradiated PBMC, anti-equine CD3, and human recombinant IL-2. Clones could be frozen and thawed without detrimental effects, and could be subsequently expanded to numbers exceeding 2 × 10 9 cells. Flow cytometry of expanded clones confirmed the CD3+/CD8 + phenotype, and chromium release assays confirmed CTL activity. Finally, sequencing TCR beta chain genes confirmed clonality. Our results provide a reliable means to generate large numbers of epitope-specific equine CTL clones that are suitable for use in downstream applications, including functional assays and adoptive transfer studies.

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Combined immunodeficiency in horses: Characterization of the lymphocyte defect

Cited by 63 publications

References 19 publications

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV?s country cousin got to tell us?

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): what has HIV?s country cousin got to tell us?

Investigation of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) disease of Arabian horses raised at the state stud farms in Turkey

Cloning and large-scale expansion of epitope-specific equine cytotoxic T lymphocytes using an anti-equine CD3 monoclonal antibody and human recombinant IL-2

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