Combined heat, power and hydrogen production optimal planning of fuel cell power plants in distribution networks

A hybrid of ant colony optimization and artificial bee colony algorithm for probabilistic optimal placement and sizing of distributed energy resources

“…For this reason, the best scenario for the WT is operated in combination with other types of energy sources, which have a lower uncertainty in their output power. 16 The results of the single objective for obtaining optimal placement and sizing of GT and WT are given in Table 3. There are two identical wind turbines in the energy sources.…”

“…[15], optimal placement of renewable energy sources including three different types of RDG: photovoltaic, wind and fuel cell are investigated by using the multi-objective modified honey bee mating optimization algorithm. In [16], fuel cell power plants (FCPPs) have been used as energy sources for planning with respect to operation and economic problems while hybrid energy systems are best suited to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. Genetic algorithm has been used to connect multiple wind turbines (WTs) in distribution networks [17,18].…”

An efficient scenario-based stochastic programming for optimal planning of combined heat, power, and hydrogen production of molten carbonate fuel cell power plants

“…The total nominal load of the system is 3802 KW. Also, S b and V b are considered 10 MVA and 12.66 KV as the system base values for the calculation of power flow and objective functions, respectively [5]. The network primary data; data related to the gas-purchasing price; hydrogen selling price; and the parameters of cost objective function are presented in Table 1 [14].…”

“…MCFCPPs are a proper option to be used as CHPH since they operate at very high temperatures. Moreover, they do not need to be close to hydrogen resources since they can convert the natural gas to hydrogen [5,6].…”

Probabilistic Power Flow Method Considering Continuous and Discrete Variables

“…The status of single FCGs include the operation and shutdown [32]. Therefore, the active output power of multiple FCGs is usually assumed to follow a binomial distribution, listed as follows:…”