Combined Gasification-Fermentation Process in Waste Biorefinery

Chandolias, Konstantinos; Richards, Tobias; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63992-9.00005-7

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Most of the organisms grow better by using CO as the only energy and carbon source or with CO as the carbon source and CO/H 2 as the energy source [18]. As a result, the H 2 to CO ratio can be low, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting lignin gasification with syngas fermentation

Liakakou¹,

Infantes²,

Vreugdenhil³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The development of lignin derived energy products is one way to increase the value of biorefinery residues, which is the scope of the EU project AMBITION. Gasification of (lignin-rich) biorefinery residues, followed by product gas cleaning and anaerobic fermentation, offers a potential to produce higher added-value products such as biofuels and chemicals. MILENA indirect gasification allows complete fuel conversion and produces a high value gas composed of CO, H2 and CO2, as well as compounds such as CH4, C2-C4 gases, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). The separation of the most valuable components of the product gas is a good way to maximize the value from the feedstock via co-production schemes. The product gas, after appropriate cleaning to remove impurities that can reduce the fermentability of syngas, can be applied in the gas fermentation process. Some anaerobic microorganisms, known as acetogens, can be used as a biocatalyst for the conversion of syngas into short-chain organic acids and alcohols, like acetate, ethanol, butanol, butan-2,3-diol and butyric acid. The ability of these microorganisms to withstand some of the impurities contained in the syngas and their flexibility to use different mixtures of CO and/or CO2 and H2 makes these bacteria an attractive alternative to the chemical catalytic processes. Despite these advantages, the integration of gasification with syngas fermentation is still in an early stage of development, where many questions exist concerning the syngas quality needed in the fermentation process. The challenge is to define the optimum gasification conditions for this type of feedstock that will provide a H2:CO:CO2 ratio at values suitable for syngas fermentation, as well as to identify and remove the compounds that can inhibit the performance of the microorganisms. In this work a first attempt to combine the two processes is presented.A lignin rich feedstock was gasified with steam at 780°C using MILENA indirect gasifier, at TNO. The product gas after removal of the main impurities, consisted of CO, H2, CO2, N2, CH4 and traces of other gaseous hydrocarbons, benzene and H2S. The influence of the obtained syngas quality and composition was evaluated in the fermentation process, at KIT. For comparison, product gas from beech wood gasification after cleaning was also evaluated in the fermentation process under the same conditions.The process involved growing cells in a batch system under continuous flow of biomass-derived gas. The strain used in this work is Clostridium ljungdahlii. The fermentation of both beech wood and lignin-derived syngas was successful, since no inhibition was observed. The carbon fixation onto products achieved for both cases was approximately 55%, while a slightly higher ethanol production was observed with the lignin-derived syngas. The total productivity (including both acetate and ethanol) at the end-point was 0.18 g/L/h for both fermentations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting lignin gasification with syngas fermentation

Liakakou¹,

Infantes²,

Vreugdenhil³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…LanzaTech Inc. ferments the gas from hydrothermal vents, waste gas from steel mills and coal producers and woody biomass containing CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 and H 2 S. The company produces ethanol, butanol and 2,3-butanediol using Clostridium autoethanogenum. INEOS Bio produces ethanol and power via the gasification of lignocellulosic and household waste using Clostridium ljungdahlii [72].…”

Section: Current Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Syngas Composition on Anaerobic Fermentation

et al. 2021

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Energy consumption places growing demands on modern lifestyles, which have direct impacts on the world’s natural environment. To attain the levels of sustainability required to avoid further consequences of changes in the climate, alternatives for sustainable production not only of energy but also materials and chemicals must be pursued. In this respect, syngas fermentation has recently attracted much attention, particularly from industries responsible for high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Syngas can be obtained by thermochemical conversion of biomass, animal waste, coal, municipal solid wastes and other carbonaceous materials, and its composition depends on biomass properties and gasification conditions. It is defined as a gaseous mixture of CO and H2 but, depending on those parameters, it can also contain CO2, CH4 and secondary components, such as tar, oxygen and nitrogenous compounds. Even so, raw syngas can be used by anaerobic bacteria to produce biofuels (ethanol, butanol, etc.) and biochemicals (acetic acid, butyric acid, etc.). This review updates recent work on the influence of biomass properties and gasification parameters on syngas composition and details the influence of these secondary components and CO/H2 molar ratio on microbial metabolism and product formation. Moreover, the main challenges, opportunities and current developments in syngas fermentation are highlighted in this review.

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“…On the other hand, the product needs to clean as it runs the risk of having contaminates such as ash and fine particles [66]. According to Chandolias et al [67] the downdraft process is less thermally efficiency when compared with updraft as a result of the product from devolatilization do not go through the highest temperature of the gasifier.…”

Section: Fixed Bed Gasifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Gasification Process with Catalyst

Musfer¹

2020

IJMTST

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Gasification is a thermo-chemical process used to convert biomass fuelsinto a fuel gas. Biomass gasification is considered amongst the best methods to enhance biomass-based energy production’s efficiency as it allows common biomass utilization.It has become more important as a mean of converting low energy-density such as biomass feeds or into a transportable high value gas for heat and power generation, chemicals and fuels. Operating conditions are affecting the gasification reactions. the review identified that in high-temperature gasification, endothermic reactions the secondary cracking and reforming of heavy hydrocarbons are favored and hence enhances the whole process’s efficiency. Finally, catalysts are vital for the biomass gasification process, and it is important to select the appropriate ones taking into consideration possible setbacks discussed above and will be explored further in this study.

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Combined Gasification-Fermentation Process in Waste Biorefinery

Cited by 16 publications

References 138 publications

Connecting lignin gasification with syngas fermentation

Connecting lignin gasification with syngas fermentation

Impacts of Syngas Composition on Anaerobic Fermentation

Biomass Gasification Process with Catalyst

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