Combined Fire Retardant and Wood Preservative Treatments for Outdoor Wood Applications – A Review of the Literature

Marney, Donavan; Russell, L.J.

doi:10.1007/s10694-007-0016-6

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, the task is to find the right treatments for wood products to make them more stable in everyday utilizations. Besides wood‐inorganic composites, different approaches have been attempted for wood preservation, from chemical treatments, to coatings, to impregnations . Woods are also treated with dimethyloldihydroxy‐ethyleneurea (DMDHEU) to make them more resistant to weathering effects, termite infestation, and fungal infections, and to improve dimensional stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the fire behavior of woods modified by N‐methylol crosslinking, thermal treatment, and acetylation

et al. 2020

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Wood products are often treated by different techniques to improve their longevity when used as building materials. Most of the time, the goal is to increase their resistance to weathering effects, deformations in material dimensions or biotic decomposition. These wood treatment techniques have a significant impact on pyrolysis and burning behavior. The general effects of three different common wood treatments on flame retardancy were investigated by comparing treated woods with their untreated counterparts and with other kinds of wood. While the acetylation of beech leads to a slightly increased fire hazard, the thermal treatment of wood and crosslinking of cellulose microfibrils dimethyloldihydroxy-ethyleneurea show a limited flame retarding effect. Switching to woods with a higher lignin content, and thus higher char yield, however, results in a more pronounced improvement in flame retardancy performance. This article delivers a comprehensive and balanced assessment of the general impact of different wood modifications on the fire behavior. Further, it is a valuable benchmark for assessing the flame retardancy effect of other wood modifications. K E Y W O R D S acetylation, cone calorimeter, DMDHEU, heat of combustion, thermal treatment, wood modification

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the fire behavior of woods modified by N‐methylol crosslinking, thermal treatment, and acetylation

et al. 2020

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“…The appropriately chosen method of wood protection increases its durability and extends the time of its use, thus reducing the cost of maintenance (Goodell et al 2003). A number of methods have been proposed for wood protection, based on its chemical modification (Marney and Russell 2008;Naumann et al 2012) and surface treatment (Subasri et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood protective coatings based on fluorocarbosilane

Szubert

Dutkiewicz

et al. 2019

Cellulose

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The effectiveness of protective coatings based on 3- (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyloxy)propyltriethoxysilane in the protection of wood surface from the effects of water was tested. No earlier attempts at using the mentioned fluorocarbosilane for the protection of wood have been reported in the literature. The coatings were deposited by the sol-gel method. As a result of the generation of chemical bonds between the wood surface and silane, a coating was produced that permanently increased the wood hydrophobicity. Fluorinated chains attached to the silicon atoms make an effective barrier preventing the access of water and limiting the effects of water on the wood surface.

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“…In particular, 'controlled' impregnation of specific monomers into the cell cavity (lumen), but also possibly into the cell wall (Militz 1993;Schneider 1995;Cabane et al 2014;Keplinger et al 2015), followed by polymerisation, may enhance the performance of wood in construction by improving its mechanical properties (Rowell and Konkol 1987), particularly perpendicular to the grain on account of a more solid material, i.e. filling of the wood (Akitsu et al 2007;Xie et al 2013), better durability on account of blocking of pores or improved decay resistance (Militz 1993;Ibach and Rowell 2000;Lande et al 2004), and fire retardance (Marney and Russell 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the pore-filling ratio in lumen-impregnated wood

Shah

Janeček

et al. 2017

Wood Sci Technol

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Lumen impregnation, unlike most other wood modification methods, is typically assessed by the pore-filling ratio (PFR) (i.e. the fraction of luminal porosity filled) rather than by weight percentage gain (WPG). During lumen impregnation, the impregnants act on the voids in the wood rather than on the solid mass (e.g. cell walls), but the PFR cannot be measured as conveniently as the WPG during processing. Here, it is demonstrated how the PFR can be calculated directly from the WPG if the bulk density of the untreated wood is known. The relationship between the WPG and bulk density was examined experimentally by applying a pressured impregnation on knot-free specimens from Sitka spruce with a liquid mixture of methacrylate monomers. Based on the validated model, it was possible to further study the effect of different process-related parameters, such as hydraulic pressure, on lumen impregnation. Skeletal density is another key parameter in this model, which directly reflects the amount of inaccessible pores and closed lumens, and can be independently determined by helium pycnometry. The permeability can be qualitatively evaluated by PFR as well as skeletal density. For instance, poor permeability of knotty wood, due to the large extractives content around knots, was 123Wood Sci Technol (2017) 51:1277-1290 DOI 10.1007 reflected by a lower skeletal density and inefficient lumen impregnation (low PFR). Although this model was examined on a laboratory scale, it provides guidance on the precise effect of different parameters on lumen impregnation, thereby improving the fundamental understanding of and enabling better control over the modification of wood by impregnation.

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Combined Fire Retardant and Wood Preservative Treatments for Outdoor Wood Applications – A Review of the Literature

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Assessing the fire behavior of woods modified by N‐methylol crosslinking, thermal treatment, and acetylation

Assessing the fire behavior of woods modified by N‐methylol crosslinking, thermal treatment, and acetylation

Wood protective coatings based on fluorocarbosilane

Predicting the pore-filling ratio in lumen-impregnated wood

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