Combined external-beam PIXE and μ-Raman characterisation of garnets used in Merovingian jewellery

Calligaro, Thomas; Colinart, Sylvie; Poirot, J.-P.; Sudres, C.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01078-3

Cited by 59 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is therefore possible that the garnets on the front were mounted at the same time as those on the back together with or after the crucifix, probably after 1420-40. More exact determinations of the garnet's provenance may also be possible and were already shown on other examples thanks to inclusions and trace element analysis by Calligaro et al 9 To our knowledge, there are insufficient analytical and historical data available in order to be able to draw conclusions about the modifications of the cross at different times. It would be interesting to extend these studies to gain further knowledge on the provenance, re-use, replacement or eventually treatment of the gems and to further the interpretation of the results.…”

Section: Gemstone Expertise Of Heinrich's Crossmentioning

confidence: 83%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the adorning gemstones on the reliquary Heinrich's Cross from the treasury of Basel Cathedral

Reiche

Pagès-Camagna

Lambacher

2004

J Raman Spectroscopy

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An in situ non-destructive study of the reliquary cross called Heinrich's cross dating from the late Middle Ages (first quarter of the 11th century) was performed using a mobile Raman microspectrometer in order to identify the adorning gemstones. Heinrich's cross, today kept in the Museum of Applied Arts (Kunstgewerbemuseum, KGM), Berlin, is considered to be one of the most precious sanctuaries of the treasury of Basel Cathedral. It bears 68 gemstones that are mounted at the both sides of the cross. Silver pearls alternate with gemstones. Analyses were made with a fibre-optic System-100 Raman-analyser (Renishaw), directly in the museum, without the need to remove the object. Strengths and weaknesses of the use of a mobile Raman microspectrometer for the investigation of art and archaeological objects within the museum are discussed since only relatively few analyses using mobile spectrometers have so far been performed in situ. In this study, the determination of the nature of the gems generally confirms the identification based on previous optical observations. Most of the mounted materials were found to be glass paste or quartz varieties. Some garnets, sapphires and interestingly rubies were also identified. The use of rubies is rare in the Middle Ages. Generally, green, blue and dark-coloured stones were difficult to identify using this Raman set-up (l = 785 nm) because of fluorescence phenomena, and 11 gems could not be identified unambiguously. This study shows the importance of coupling optical observations with Raman spectroscopy for gemstone identification. These results together with those of other fine objects originating from the same treasury show that mainly quartz and glass paste were used on very valuable and outstanding religious items from the Middle Ages to the Gothic period. However, it could not be determined if they represent gems replaced during later times or original ones that were mainly chosen for their colour and not necessarily for their value.

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Section: Gemstone Expertise Of Heinrich's Crossmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Exceptional studies of museum items are those by Querré et al, 7 Hänni et al, 8 Calligaro et al 9 and Smith and Périn. 10 Especially Hänni et al studied two ecclesiastical objects of the late Gothic period (1350-1520) that were part of the fascinating treasury of Basel Cathedral.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the adorning gemstones on the reliquary Heinrich's Cross from the treasury of Basel Cathedral

Reiche

Pagès-Camagna

Lambacher

2004

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…La mise au point récente d'un protocole analytique associant les deux techniques a permis de mesurer pour la première fois la quantité de liant présent dans des couches picturales de tableaux de la Renaissance [13]. Les résultats montrent la maîtrise de la quantité d'huile selon le pigment employé et permet de confirmer les informations fournies par la seule recette connue pour cette époque.…”

Section: Techniques De Fabricationunclassified

X, UV et particules au service du Patrimoine Culturel

Beck

2011

UVX 2010 - 10e Colloque Sur Les Sources Cohérentes Et Incohérentes UV, VUV Et X ; Applications Et Développements Récents

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“…Materials with garnet structure have wide range of applications such as in computer memories, lasers, microwave optical elements, magnetic technologies, ion conducting technologies, white light emitting diodes (LED), abrasives, water jet cutting, etc. 12 , where {X} is a dodecahedral site occupied by a divalent cation (Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, etc.) in the 24c position of 222 (D 2 ) point symmetry, Y is an octahedral site occupied by a trivalent cation (Al, Fe, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Microstructural Correlations of Physical Properties in Natural Almandine-Pyrope Solid Solution: Al70Py29

Sibi

Subodh

2017

Journal of Elec Materi

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Combined external-beam PIXE and μ-Raman characterisation of garnets used in Merovingian jewellery

Cited by 59 publications

References 3 publications

In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the adorning gemstones on the reliquary Heinrich's Cross from the treasury of Basel Cathedral

In situ Raman spectroscopic investigations of the adorning gemstones on the reliquary Heinrich's Cross from the treasury of Basel Cathedral

X, UV et particules au service du Patrimoine Culturel

Structural and Microstructural Correlations of Physical Properties in Natural Almandine-Pyrope Solid Solution: Al70Py29

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