Combined excitation emission spectroscopy of defects for site-selective probing of ferroelectric domain inversion in lithium niobate

Dierolf, Volkmar; Sandmann, C.

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.08.054

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…6, the energy of the A1 structure is lower than for the A0 structure, while the energy of the A2 structures are lower yet by 0.068 eV/defect ͑i.e., −0.204 eV for the total cluster͒. These results indicate an attractive interaction between Er Li .. and V Li Ј , which is consistent with the conjecture of Dierolf et al 8 …”

Section: B Defect Complexessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The principle conclusions of this work are that ͑i͒ the Er dopant sits on the Li sites, ͑ii͒ various slightly different microstructural configurations of Er sites exist, 8 and ͑iii͒ charge compensation is provided by Li vacancies for Li 2 O-rich conditions or ͑iv͒ by Er on Nb sites under Nb 2 O 5 -rich conditions. We briefly examine the experimental evidence relevant to each of these predictions.…”

Section: Relations To Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, a lithium vacancy can still move a considerable distance during long-time annealing. For example, experimentally stoichiometric LiNbO 3 has been annealed at 250°C for 5 h. 8 It is assumed that the vibration energy h 0 is equal to the thermal energy k B T. 65 The jump distance between first nearest neighbors is 3.771 Å. Under such condition, the diffusivity of lithium vacancy is calculated to be 3.08ϫ 10 −18 cm 2 / s, which compares reasonably well to previous estimates of 5.97ϫ 10 −16 cm 2 / s ͑Mehta et al 63 ͒ and 4.46ϫ 10 −17 cm 2 / s ͑Halstead 64 ͒.…”

Section: That Er LImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,69 Baumann et al using XSW and optical spectroscopy 6 found that there are four energetically distinguishable sites for Er, resulting from different local environments. Gill et al 3,22 using total site selective spectroscopy reported six different sites.…”

Section: Relations To Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported by Gill et al 22 that the site redistribution associated with an increase in Er concentration is very similar to that associated with an increase in Li deficiency, which indicates that Er Li .. is compensated by lithium vacancies. 8,70 This is based on the fact that for congruent LiNbO 3 , lithium vacancies already exist in the material. 55,71 Therefore, it is much easier for Er 3+ to occupy a vacant site.…”

Section: Relations To Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and energetics of Er defects inLiNbO3from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations

Lee

Sinnott

et al. 2009

Phys. Rev. B

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The effects of Er defects on the structure and energetics of LiNbO 3 are determined using electronic-structure calculations at the level of density-functional theory combined with thermodynamic calculations. It is found that under both Li 2 O-rich and Nb 2 O 5 -rich conditions, Er 3+ sits on the Li site and is displaced along the uniaxial direction of the hexagonal structure toward the vacant cation site. The charge compensation mechanism is predicted to be lithium vacancies under Nb 2 O 5 -rich conditions, consistent with a previous conjecture; charge compensation is predicted to be by Er 3+ on a Nb site under Li 2 O-rich conditions. It is also found that low concentration of lithium vacancies could significantly affect the defect chemistry: when a Li-poor congruent sample is converted to the stoichiometric, there may be a negligible concentration of Er on Nb sites. The diffusivity and average diffusion distance under annealing of defects are also discussed.

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Section: B Defect Complexessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Relations To Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: That Er LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relations To Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relations To Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and energetics of Er defects inLiNbO3from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations

Lee

Sinnott

et al. 2009

Phys. Rev. B

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Energy levels of Nd³⁺ ions in GaN

Metcalfe

Readinger

Shen

et al. 2009

Phys. Status Solidi (c)

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We report the Stark energy sublevels of Nd3+ ions in GaN grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy as determined by luminescence spectra. The photoluminescence spectra is correlated with transitions from the 4F3/2 doublet state to the 4I9/2, 4I11/2, and 4I13/2 multiplets of the Nd3+ ion for above and below bandgap excitation, with the strongest emission occurring at 1.12 eV (1106 nm). A splitting of the 4F3/2 excited state is determined to be 4.1 meV. From photoluminescence excitation spectra, we also identify the Stark sub‐levels of the excited states 4F5/2, 2H9/2, 4F7/2, 4S3/2, 2G7/2, and 4G5/2. Photoluminescence excitation spectra exhibit an optimal excitation energy of 1.48 eV (836 nm). Site‐selective spectroscopy studies using combined excitation‐emission spectroscopy with confocal microscopy imply enhanced substantial doping at the Ga site. In addition, optical loss and gain measurements of a GaN:Nd waveguide excited above bandgap indicate an internal loss coefficient of ∼6.5 +/– 2 cm–1 and a net gain of ∼ –2 +/– 2 cm–1. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Evolution of defect signatures at ferroelectric domain walls in Mg-doped LiNbO₃

Nataf

Guennou

Haußmann

et al. 2015

Phys. Status Solidi RRL

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The domain structure of uniaxial ferroelectric lithium niobate single crystals is investigated using Raman spectroscopy mapping. The influence of doping with magnesium and poling at room temperature is studied by analysing frequency shifts at domain walls and their variations with dopant concentration and annealing conditions. It is shown that defects are stabilized at domain walls and that changes in the defect structures with Mg concentration can be probed by the shift of Raman modes. We show that the signatures of polar defects in the bulk and at the domain walls differ.

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Combined excitation emission spectroscopy of defects for site-selective probing of ferroelectric domain inversion in lithium niobate

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Structure and energetics of Er defects inLiNbO3from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations

Structure and energetics of Er defects inLiNbO3from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations

Energy levels of Nd³⁺ ions in GaN

Evolution of defect signatures at ferroelectric domain walls in Mg-doped LiNbO₃

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Combined excitation emission spectroscopy of defects for site-selective probing of ferroelectric domain inversion in lithium niobate

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Structure and energetics of Er defects inLiNbO3from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations

Structure and energetics of Er defects inLiNbO3from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations

Energy levels of Nd3+ ions in GaN

Evolution of defect signatures at ferroelectric domain walls in Mg-doped LiNbO3

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Energy levels of Nd³⁺ ions in GaN

Evolution of defect signatures at ferroelectric domain walls in Mg-doped LiNbO₃