Combined Effects of Mirror Therapy and Exercises on the Upper Extremities in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kara, Özgün Kaya; Yardımcı, Bilge Nur; Şahın, Sedef; Orhan, Ceren; Livanelioğlu, Ayşe; Soylu, Abdullah Ruhi

doi:10.1080/17518423.2019.1662853

Cited by 15 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Among the remaining studies, we identified four other approaches. The first two encompass studies on the efficacy of mirror therapy (53)(54)(55) and action observation therapy (56). Thirdly, one study investigated lower extremity strength training (57).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, the aims of the studies were formulated rather general like improving upper limb- (39) or motor function (37). Sometimes, the studies investigated a (novel) intervention without explicitly stating the target of the therapy (48,53,54). We still included these studies not specifically targeting selective control because they assessed outcomes that cover SVMC and thus could contribute to identify interventions that might improve SVMC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two RCTs (53,54) and one cross-over trial (55) investigated the efficacy of mirror therapy in totally 130 children with unilateral spastic CP (MACS I-IV). The evidence is conflicting whether offering a visual impression of a functional limb (by illusion through the mirror) has a superior effect on SVMC compared to repetitively practicing the same movement without vision of correct movement execution.…”

Section: Other Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence synthesis did not reveal positive effects on SVMC for any other intervention category. Among three studies on mirror therapy, only Kara et al (54) found an effect of the intervention on SVMC. Their intervention lasted considerably longer than in the other studies, but intervention and control also differed in a second aspect besides mirror therapy.…”

Section: Other Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Training Methods That May Improve Selective Voluntary Motor Control in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2020

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Background: Impaired selective voluntary motor control is defined as “the reduced ability to isolate the activation of muscles in response to demands of a voluntary posture or movement.” It is a negative motor sign of an upper motor neuron lesion.Objective: This paper reviews interventions that may improve selective motor control in children and youths with spastic cerebral palsy. The aim was to systematically evaluate the methodological quality and formulate the level of evidence from controlled studies.Methods: Six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL) were searched with predefined search terms for population, interventions, and outcomes. Two reviewers independently completed study selection and ratings of methodological quality and risk of bias. Evidence was summarized in a best evidence synthesis.Results: Twenty-three studies from initially 2,634 papers were included. The interventions showed a wide variety of approaches, such as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), electrical stimulation, robot-assisted therapy, and functional training. The evidence synthesis revealed conflicting evidence for CIMT, robot-assisted rehabilitation and mirror therapy for the upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy.Conclusions: Final recommendations are difficult due to heterogeneity of the reviewed studies. Studies that include both an intervention and an outcome that specifically focus on selective voluntary motor control are needed to determine the most effective therapy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Training Methods That May Improve Selective Voluntary Motor Control in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2020

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“…Therefore, novel treatments, especially targeting pain behaviors and improvement of the current therapeutic options for adults are warranted. Several promising trials investigating children with CP have included Mirror Visual Feedback (MVF) [3][4][5] and virtual reality (VR)-mediated physical and occupational therapy [6] in their approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embodied Virtual Reality Mirror Visual Feedback for an Adult with Cerebral Palsy

Bullock¹,

Won²,

Bailenson³

et al. 2021

AJPN

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Virtual reality-assisted physical therapy and mirror visual feedback (MVF) are promising treatments for children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, thus far, neither interventions' use has been reported in adults with CP. The following case report examines the safety and feasibility of using customized virtual reality (VR) interventions to deliver MVF to an adult with hemiplegic CP and right sided pain, weakness, and dystonias. A weekly intervention was delivered in an ambulatory care setting over one year. Self-reported pain, motor function, anxiety, disability, quality of life and depression were monitored weekly. The treatment was acceptable and well tolerated with no instances of cybersickness. The intervention showed immediate and consistent pain relief during treatment, similar to those reported in other studies, with the percentage of pain relief during sessions ranging from 6.25% to 38.5%. Motor function, including range of motion, control, and dexterity, were improved per patient report. However, the duration of pain relief lasted only 2-4 days between sessions. The authors believe that the present findings may inspire others treating adults and children with CP to explore the use of MVF and VR to enhance rehabilitation with an emphasis on adapting technologies for home use. Further implications of these findings for the future are discussed.

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Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury

Selph

Skelly

Wasson

et al. 2021

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Combined Effects of Mirror Therapy and Exercises on the Upper Extremities in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

A Systematic Review of Training Methods That May Improve Selective Voluntary Motor Control in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

A Systematic Review of Training Methods That May Improve Selective Voluntary Motor Control in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Embodied Virtual Reality Mirror Visual Feedback for an Adult with Cerebral Palsy

Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury

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