“…Gardner and Al-Hamdani (1997) found that humic substances decreased toxicity of Al to Salvania minima. In addition, the administration of a high concentration of HA (160 mg l −1 ) decreased Pb uptake by Lemna minor and brought about increases in total chlorophyll content, growth rate and multiplication rate compared with L. Figure 1minor treated with Pb nitrate alone (Kruatrachue et al, 2002). Hence, humic acid could reduce metal uptake and toxicity.…”
“…Gardner and Al-Hamdani (1997) found that humic substances decreased toxicity of Al to Salvania minima. In addition, the administration of a high concentration of HA (160 mg l −1 ) decreased Pb uptake by Lemna minor and brought about increases in total chlorophyll content, growth rate and multiplication rate compared with L. Figure 1minor treated with Pb nitrate alone (Kruatrachue et al, 2002). Hence, humic acid could reduce metal uptake and toxicity.…”
“…Bunluesin et al (2007) reported that the accumulation of cadmium and zinc to submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum, was significantly reduced in the presence of humic acids. In addition, humic acids decreased lead uptake by Lemna minor and brought about increases in total chlorophyll content, growth rate and multiplication rate compared with the treatment with lead alone (Kruatrachue et al 2002). Hence, humic acid could reduce metal uptake and toxicity in some species.…”
Physiological responses and metal accumulation in Vallisneria spiralis L. exposed to copper and cadmium contaminated sediment were examined at different metal concentrations and the influence of humic acids on copper and cadmium accumulation was also studied. The plants of V. spiralis accumulated high amount of copper and cadmium. The maximum accumulation of 396 and 114 mg kg -1 DW copper were found in the roots and shoots, respectively, at 614 mg kg -1 DW after 21 days' copper exposure; they were 63.8 and 48.0 mg kg -1 DW for cadmium at 88.69 mg kg -1 DW. The plants showed decrease in chlorophyll content with the increasing concentration of copper/cadmium in sediment. With addition of humic acids from 3.09 to 7.89 g kg -1 DW, both copper and cadmium accumulation in V. spiralis were significantly inhibited (p \ 0.01). The cadmium concentrations of roots and shoots of plant decreased 26.4-50.3 and 14.3-33.0% under cadmium treatments, respectively; copper accumulation decreased much more with 44.0-77.0 and 35.0-62.7%, respectively. It was concluded that V. spiralis appeared to be an ideal candidate for the phytoremediation of copper and cadmium polluted sediments, and humic acids had an important role in regulating copper and cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in sediments.
“…Under experimental conditions L. minor proved to be a good accumulator of cadmium and copper and a moderately good accumulator of chromium. Duckweed can accumulate other toxic elements such as selenium (Ornes et al 1991), technetium (Hattink 2000), lead (Jain et al 1990, Kruatrachue et al 2002, uranium, and arsenic (Mkandawire et al 2004). The growth rates and ease of harvest make duckweed species useful for phytoremediation of certain heavy elements as compared to many algal species that require much more extensive harvesting equipment (Zayed et al 1998).…”
Section: As a Means Of Removing Heavy Metals And Other Toxic Elementsmentioning
Over the last 40 years a great deal of research has been published on the use of duckweed to treat wastewater both from point sources (feedlots, food processing plants) and from non-point sources. These plants can recover nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from contaminated waters in those agricultural practices. They can also remove or accumulate metals, radionuclides, and other pollutants in their tissues. In addition, the duckweed can be used as a feed source for livestock and poultry as well as an energy source for biofuel production. A summary of some of the published work done using duckweed species to phytoremediate natural, domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters is presented.
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