Combined effects of eating alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults: Results of the JAGES

Tani, Yasuhiro; Kondo, Naoki; Takagi, Daisuke; Saito, Masashige; Hikichi, Hiroyuki; Ojima, Toshiyuki; Kondo, Katsunori

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.06.005

Cited by 115 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…But it is also possible that there may be a connection to the hedonic pleasure associated with meals in company (3). Additionally, the characteristics of group 3 agree with studies that indicate that eating alone is linked to lower QoL, depression (2) and poor dietary behaviour (18). One noteworthy result is the agreement between the levels of overall LS, satisfaction with food-related life and the importance the seniors in all three types assign to having a family and spending time with them.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Studies with university students (23) and seniors (10) indicate that higher levels of satisfaction with food-related life are linked to more healthful eating habits. Despite the above, group 3 registered the lowest average BMI and was the only one in the normal weight range, contrary to evidence linking dietary behaviour with obesity (18). This could be related to the greater proportion of seniors of this type who never have lunch in company.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…This could be related to the greater proportion of seniors of this type who never have lunch in company. Eating alone has been linked to underweight in older adults, whereas energy intake from a meal was reported to be higher in people who eat with others, because in this situation people may have greater exposure to food and are more likely to eat more than they require (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, family can be considered a protective factor for aging well and an important resource for achieving high QoL and life satisfaction (LS) in seniors (2,16,17). By contrast, it has been reported among the elderly eating alone was linked to lower QoL, depression, a less varied diet (2), poor dietary behaviour, such as skipping meals, low vegetable and fruit intake, consuming less home-cooked food, and obesity (18). However, although there is a lot of evidence to indicate that family has a positive effect on different aspect of a senior's life, the importance that they themselves assign to having family and its relation to their well-being has been insufficiently studied (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian older adults

et al. 2017

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Objective: To distinguish typologies of seniors according to their levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, and to characterize them according to the importance assigned to family, health-related aspects, eating habits, nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics. Material and methods: A survey was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 817 seniors aged 60 years and over, of both genders, resident in urban and rural zones of the province of Guayas, Ecuador. The instrument included: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), the Health-related Quality of Life Index (HRQOL-4) and the Family Importance Scale (FIS). Eating habits, sociodemographic variables, approximate weight and height were asked about. Results: A cluster analysis was used to distinguish three typologies that differed signifi cantly in the scores on the SWLS, SWFL, FIS, number of days with mental health problems, self-perception of health status, body mass index, eating habits and zone of residence. Two typologies presented high levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life, although the variables associated with overall well-being and in the food domain were different in each typology. Conclusions:The results suggest that high levels of satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian seniors are associated with both healthful eating habits and having lunch in company, fewer mental health problems and greater importance assigned to family. ResumenObjetivo: distinguir tipologías de adultos mayores según sus niveles de satisfacción con la vida y con la alimentación, y caracterizarlas según la importancia asignada a la familia, aspectos relacionados a la salud, hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional y características sociodemográfi cas. Material y métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra no probabilística de 817 adultos mayores de 60 años o más, de ambos sexos, residentes en zonas urbanas y rurales de la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. El instrumento incluyó: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL), el Índice de Calidad de Vida Relativo a la Salud (ICVRS) y la Escala de Importancia de la Familia (FIS). Se consultaron hábitos alimentarios, variables sociodemográfi cas, peso y estatura aproximada. Resultados: mediante análisis clúster se distinguieron tres tipologías que difi rieron signifi cativamente en los puntajes de la SWLS, SWFL, FIS, número de días con problemas de salud mental, autopercepción del estado de salud, índice de masa corporal, hábitos alimentarios y zona de residencia. Dos tipologías presentaron altos niveles de satisfacción con la vida y con la alimentación, aunque las variables asociadas al bienestar general y en el dominio de la alimentación fueron diferentes en cada tipología. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que altos niveles de satisfacción con la vida y con la alimentación en adultos mayores ecuatorianos se asocian tanto con hábitos alimentarios saludables como con almorzar en...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian older adults

et al. 2017

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“…We also found that men who ate alone were more likely to eat out, not prepare meals by themselves and frequently skip meals than did women. A Japanese cohort study discovered that men who ate alone were more likely to be underweight and skip meals and less likely to eat fruits and vegetables 9. Underweight older adults with poor dietary quality and low fruit and vegetable intakes have been associated with a higher risk of mortality 10 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in longevity in free-living older adults who eat-with-others: a prospective study in Taiwan

Huang

Wahlqvist²,

et al. 2017

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesSocial activities such as ‘eating-with-others’ can positively affect the ageing process. We investigated the gender-specific association between eating arrangements and risk of all-cause mortality among free-living older adults.SettingA representative sample from the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan during 1999–2000.ParticipantsSome 1894 participants (955 men and 939 women) who aged ≥65 and completed eating arrangement question as well as confirmed survivorship information.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEating arrangements, health condition and 24-hour dietary recall information were collected at baseline. We classified eating arrangements as the daily frequency of eating-with-others (0–3). Survivorship was determined by the National Death Registry until the end of 2008. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to assess the association between eating-with-others and mortality risk.ResultsOverall, 63.1% of men and 56.4% of women ate with others three times a day. Both men and women who ate with others were more likely to have higher meat and vegetable intakes and greater dietary quality than those who ate alone. The HRs (95% CI) for all-cause mortality when eating-with-others two and three times per day were 0.42 (0.28 to 0.61), 0.67 (0.52 to 0.88) in men and 0.68 (0.42 to 1.11), 0.86 (0.64 to 1.16) in women, compared with those who ate alone. Multivariable HRs (95% CI) adjusted for sociodemographic, nutritional and ‘activities of daily living’ covariates were 0.43 (0.25 to 0.73), 0.63 (0.41 to 0.98) in men and 0.68 (0.35 to 1.30), 0.69 (0.39 to 1.21) in women. With further adjustment for financial status, HR was reduced by 54% in men who ate with others two times a day. Pathway analysis shows this to be dependent on improved dietary quality by eating-with-others.ConclusionsEating-with-others is an independent survival factor in older men. Providing a social environment which encourages eating-with-others may benefit survival of older people, especially for men.

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Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3‐year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study

Wang,

Tsuji,

Ide

et al. 2023

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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ObjectiveLiving a happy life is an essential issue for old adults. However, how eating with others contributes to happiness and whether this association is different by living arrangements or not is unknown. The current study examined the relationship between the frequency of eating with others and happiness among older adults according to their living arrangements using 3‐year longitudinal data.MethodsThe analyzed sample comprised 18,727 people (10,920 males and 7807 females) with low happiness (0–7 points on score of 0–10 points) from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2016. Our exposure was the frequency of eating with others: rarely, a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more. We performed Modified Poisson Regression to examine the association between the frequency of eating with others and high happiness (8–10 points) in 2019 stratified by living arrangement (living alone/with others).ResultsA total of 4352 (23.2%) people showed high happiness in 2019. After adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, household income, social participation, illnesses under treatment, and depressive symptoms in 2016, the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) for high happiness in 2019 among people living alone was more significant, that is, 1.28 (95% confidence intervals: 0.88–1.87), 1.50 (1.05–2.14), and 1.82 (1.26–2.63), than 1.28 (1.11–1.48), 1.30 (1.12–1.50), and 1.33 (1.16–1.52) among people living with others for those who ate with others a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more compared to those who rarely ate with others, respectively. The interaction between the frequency of eating with others and living arrangements was statistically significant. The trend test showed that higher frequency of eating with others was significantly associated with high happiness.ConclusionsEating with others was associated with improved happiness among older adults, with such an association being stronger among people living alone.

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Combined effects of eating alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults: Results of the JAGES

Cited by 115 publications

References 40 publications

Satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian older adults

Satisfaction with life and food-related life in Ecuadorian older adults

Gender differences in longevity in free-living older adults who eat-with-others: a prospective study in Taiwan

Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3‐year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study

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