Combined Effects of Barge Transportation, River Environment, and Rearing Location on Straying and Migration of Adult Snake River Fall‐Run Chinook Salmon

Bond, Morgan H.; Westley, Peter A. H.; Dittman, Andrew H.; Holecek, Dean E.; Marsh, Tiffani; Quinn, Thomas P.

doi:10.1080/00028487.2016.1235614

Cited by 32 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Survival was calculated from juvenile passage at BON or release below BON to adult returns at LGR. LGR was chosen as the adult detection site to account for any increased probability of straying during upstream migration in transported fishes (Bond et al., ; Keefer & Caudill, ). Thus, juvenile‐to‐adult survival in this study includes successful return of adults to LGR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation planning for freshwater–marine carryover effects on Chinook salmon survival

Gosselin

Zabel

Anderson

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Experiences of migratory species in one habitat may affect their survival in the next habitat, in what is known as carryover effects. These effects are especially relevant for understanding how freshwater experience affects survival in anadromous fishes. Here, we study the carryover effects of juvenile salmon passage through a hydropower system (Snake and Columbia rivers, northwestern United States). To reduce the direct effect of hydrosystem passage on juveniles, some fishes are transported through the hydrosystem in barges, while the others are allowed to migrate in‐river. Although hydrosystem survival of transported fishes is greater than that of their run‐of‐river counterparts, their relative juvenile‐to‐adult survival (hereafter survival) can be less. We tested for carryover effects using generalized linear mixed effects models of survival with over 1 million tagged Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (Salmonidae), migrating in 1999–2013. Carryover effects were identified with rear‐type (wild vs. hatchery), passage‐type (run‐of‐river vs. transported), and freshwater and marine covariates. Importantly, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index characterizing cool/warm (i.e., productive/nonproductive) ocean phases had a strong influence on the relative survival of rear‐ and passage‐types. Specifically, transportation benefited wild Chinook salmon more in cool PDO years, while hatchery counterparts benefited more in warm PDO years. Transportation was detrimental for wild Chinook salmon migrating early in the season, but beneficial for later season migrants. Hatchery counterparts benefited from transportation throughout the season. Altogether, wild fish could benefit from transportation approximately 2 weeks earlier during cool PDO years, with still a benefit to hatchery counterparts. Furthermore, we found some support for hypotheses related to higher survival with increased river flow, high predation in the estuary and plume areas, and faster migration and development‐related increased survival with temperature. Thus, pre‐ and within‐season information on local‐ and broad‐scale conditions across habitats can be useful for planning and implementing real‐time conservation programs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation planning for freshwater–marine carryover effects on Chinook salmon survival

Gosselin

Zabel

Anderson

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…; Bond et al. ). Although estimates of hatchery‐origin fish straying are informative, they may be very different from the estimates of natural‐origin salmon and steelhead straying (Keefer and Caudill ; Dittman et al.…”

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confidence: 94%

Stray Rates of Natural‐Origin Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River Watershed

Pearsons

O'Connor

2020

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Despite the importance of straying in understanding the ecology of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss, most of what is known about salmon and steelhead straying comes from tagged hatchery fish. We provide estimates of donor straying by natural‐origin spring, summer, and fall Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha and summer steelhead at three spatial scales in the upper Columbia River watershed by using PIT tags. In total, 823,770 natural‐origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead were PIT‐tagged as juveniles in the Wenatchee, Entiat, Methow, and Okanogan River subbasins and tributaries and the upper Columbia River between 2002 and 2017. Anadromous adults with PIT tags (n = 2,611) were detected at a variety of antenna arrays in the Columbia River basin between 2004 and 2018. Mean donor stray rates of each population were less than 1% at the basin scale (range = 0.0–0.7%), less than 10% at the subbasin scale (range = 0.0–9.8%), and less than 15% at the tributary scale (range = 0.0–14.3%). Many of the populations (11 of 28) that were evaluated across all spatial scales did not have any strays detected, and the mean of means for both species’ stray rates at all spatial scales was generally less than 5% (range = 0.2–4.0%). Chinook Salmon and steelhead strayed at similar rates when originating from the same subbasins and tributaries. Most straying occurred in an upstream direction at the subbasin (84%) and tributary (94%) scales. Variation in stray rates was most consistently associated with spatial scale and location and was less than 15% for both species at all spatial scales.

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“…Higher transport distances were strongly associated with increased straying, presumably due to the elimination of olfactory waypoints (e.g., stream odors and junctions) that would have otherwise helped the individual navigate home (Pascual et al 1995;Bond et al 2017). The effect was positive and significant for all populations, reflecting studies across a range of systems and species (Solazzi et al 1991;Pascual et al 1995;Lasko et al 2014).…”

Section: Implication 2 -Homogenization (And Loss Of Hatchery Broodstomentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Avoiding this relies on reducing straying rates of hatchery salmon and increasing the numbers (or survival) of natural stocks. Other potential tools include allowing salmon to begin natural outmigration, then trucking them once they have passed critical olfactory waypoints (Bond et al 2017), recirculating water during transport to improve sequential imprinting (e.g., barging; Keefer and Caudill 2014), and/or providing attraction flows via reservoir releases during return migration (Keefer et al 2006). Other potential tools include allowing salmon to begin natural outmigration, then trucking them once they have passed critical olfactory waypoints (Bond et al 2017), recirculating water during transport to improve sequential imprinting (e.g., barging; Keefer and Caudill 2014), and/or providing attraction flows via reservoir releases during return migration (Keefer et al 2006).…”

Section: The Future: Management Tools and Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transporting hatchery-produced juveniles to downstream release sites is increasingly used to improve freshwater survival, but often fosters straying in the returning adults (Quinn 1993;Keefer et al 2008;Bond et al 2017). Some degree of dispersal is natural, promoting gene flow and colonization of new habitats, but strays are essentially lost from donor populations and can reduce fitness in recipient populations via maladaptive gene flow and domestication selection (Keefer and Caudill 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eight Decades of Hatchery Salmon Releases in the California Central Valley: Factors Influencing Straying and Resilience

et al. 2019

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The California Central Valley contains the southernmost native populations of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which inhabit a highly variable, anthropogenically altered environment. To mitigate habitat loss and support fisheries, millions of fall‐run hatchery salmon are released each year, often transported downstream to avoid in‐river mortality, with consequences not fully understood. We synthesize historical trends in release location and timing (1941–2017), focusing on outcomes influencing stock resilience, adult straying, and ocean arrival timing. Over time, juveniles have been transported increasing distances from the source hatchery, particularly during droughts. Transport distance was strongly associated with straying rate (averaging 0–9% vs. 7–89% for salmon released on site vs. in the bay upstream of Golden Gate Bridge, respectively), increasing the effects of hatchery releases on natural spawners. Decreasing variation in release location and timing could reduce spatiotemporal buffering, narrowing ocean arrival timings and increasing risk of mismatch with peak prey production. Central Valley salmon epitomize the pervasive challenge of balancing short‐term (e.g., abundance) against long‐term (e.g., stability) goals.

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Combined Effects of Barge Transportation, River Environment, and Rearing Location on Straying and Migration of Adult Snake River Fall‐Run Chinook Salmon

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Conservation planning for freshwater–marine carryover effects on Chinook salmon survival

Conservation planning for freshwater–marine carryover effects on Chinook salmon survival

Stray Rates of Natural‐Origin Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River Watershed

Eight Decades of Hatchery Salmon Releases in the California Central Valley: Factors Influencing Straying and Resilience

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