Combined Effect of Trace Elements and Fluorine on Caries

Curzon, M.E.J.; Adkins, B. L.; Bibby, Basil G.; Losee, F.L.

doi:10.1177/00220345700490030901

Cited by 72 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Even with no contribution from fall-out, Sr is a constant trace element in teeth, though wide variations are found in the enamel of different teeth and the range varies from 25 to 600 p.p.m, in teeth from different geographic areas (Steadman, Brudevold & Smith, 1958). Caries examinations conducted in three Ohio communities, two of which 0567-7408/80/071525-06501.00 had high levels of Sr and B in their drinking water and soil product (5.30 and 5.45 p.p.m, of Sr and 0.31 and 0.39 p.p.m, of B in water) and one of which contained low levels (0.20 p.p.m, of Sr and 0.04 p.p.m, of B in water), showed lower caries activity in the communities where drinking water contained a higher level of Sr and B (Curzon, Adkins, Bibby & Losee, 1970). Little & Barrett (1976a,b), from their studies of caries prevalence in the Atlantic Coast and West Coast areas of the USA, found that both F and Sr were incorporated in enamel at a statistically predictable level in the teeth of persons with little caries and that the enamels of people with low caries incidence had similar Sr compositions (300-400 p.p.m.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Structure of partially substituted chlorapatite (Ca2Sr)5(PO4)3Cl

Sudarsanan¹,

Young²

1980

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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The structural location and effect of Sr partially substituting for Ca in chlorapatite, Cas(PO4)3C1, have been determined from crystal structure refinements with X-ray data from three synthetic single crystals having Sr/Ca ratios from 0.02 to ~1.0. The crystals are all hexagonal with space group P63/m. When present in small amounts, Sr substitutes only for Ca(2) on the mirror plane but at a slightly different position, as accommodates its larger ion radius. With 48% replacement of Ca by Sr, 68% of the Ca(2) sites and 19% of the Ca(I) sites (on the threefold axis) were filled by Sr. The CI atom shifts from 0,0,0.44 in chlorapatite to 0,0,½, its position in Srs(PO4)3CI, with increasing Sr content, dz/dA [where A is amount of Sr(2) present[ being greatest initially. Vegard's law is obeyed within 2a. The larger ion size and its preferential substitution on the border of the easy diffusion channel are the only observed features that could correlate with the known cariostatic effect of Sr in human tooth enamel or with the reported slight preferential loss of Sr that has replaced Ca in bone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Structure of partially substituted chlorapatite (Ca2Sr)5(PO4)3Cl

Sudarsanan¹,

Young²

1980

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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“…As early as 1953, the importance of strontium in low caries prevalence was suggested [4]. Since then, several reports emphasized the effect that strontium has on dental caries levels [5][6][7]. The levels of strontium in enamel of premolars from patients with low DMF (Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth) were significantly higher than the levels found in patients with high DMF [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion exchanges between glass-ionomer restorative material and primary teeth components-an in vivo study

Zilberman¹

2014

Oral Biol Dent

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Objectives: To analyze the ion exchange between conventional glass-ionomer restorative material, (Fuji IX-GC Co., Japan) and tooth components in primary molars after long periods of function in vivo. Methods: Five deciduous mandibular molars were collected after normal exfoliation. An intact deciduous molar served as control, a second deciduous molar was restored occlusaly with Fuji IX in vitro, and 3 deciduous molars with occlusal restorations were collected after 18, 24, and 48 months in vivo. The molars were sectioned bucco-lingual through the restoration and the chemical analysis was performed on enamel, dentin and restorative material along parallel lines crossing from buccal to lingual, using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The data was analyzed using SPSS program. Results: In the enamel adjacent to the glass-ionomer material, calcium and phosphate showed a significant reduction related to time (P<0.05). In both enamel and dentin strontium, silica and alumina migrated from the glass-ionomer material in significant concentrations (P<0.05), and fluorine showed an increase from zero in the intact deciduous molar to 1.2% after four years in vivo. In the glass-ionomer material fluorine was reduced in relation with time in vivo, while calcium concentration increased. Conclusions: There is a constant exchange of ions between glass-ionomer restorative material and tooth components in deciduous molars. It begins as early as two weeks in vitro and is increased in vivo. Strontium, alumina and fluorine released from the glassionomer have a bactericidal effect and may affect remineralization. Calcium may enhance the glass-ionomer mineralization and transform it into enamel like material. Clinical significance: The results showed that a continuous exchange of ions between enamel and dentin and glass-ionomer material occurs in vivo and the concentration of the ions is time related. Strontium, alumina and fluorine in enamel and dentin may cause a continuous anti bacterial and anti cariogenic effect, while calcium enhance mineralization of glass-ionomer in vivo, a factor that may increase the longevity of the restoration.

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“…In particular, Sr is known to substitute for Ca in these tissues. Strontium has also been suggested as a caries inhibitor (Curzon, Adkins, Bibby & Losee, 1970). The fact that octastrontium phosphate does not form under conditions suitable for the formation of octacalcium phosphate (Schnell, Kiesewetter, Kim & Hayek, 1971) shows a difference between strontium phosphates and calcium phosphates in crystallization properties.…”

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confidence: 99%