Combined DWT-DCT Digital Image Watermarking

Al-Haj, Ali

doi:10.3844/jcssp.2007.740.746

Cited by 287 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…If this value is closer to 1 under a special attack, then the process has higher robustness against the attack and vice versa. An acceptable value for the NCC is at least 0.75 [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust embedding and blind extraction of image watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform

Najafi

2017

Math Sci

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In this study, a new algorithm that can be used for copyright protection is proposed for the embedding and detection of a watermark in the domain of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The elements of the logo watermark are embedded directly to the three-level DWT decomposed subbands. In addition to that, the scheme is considered as a completely blind scheme for both host image and watermark. Two kinds of security attacks have also been considered which confirms the security of the scheme. The experimental results and computer simulation of the proposed scheme have shown that the proposed approach has the desired properties such as invisibility, blind detection, and robustness against various geometrical and non-geometrical attacks.

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“…If this value is closer to 1 under a special attack, then the process has higher robustness against the attack and vice versa. An acceptable value for the NCC is at least 0.75 [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust embedding and blind extraction of image watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform

Najafi

2017

Math Sci

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“…Watermarking is the process of embedding a piece of digital information into any multimedia data such as an image, audio or video file for the purpose of authentication. Watermarks can be embedded in the pixel/spatial domain or a transform domain [2]. In spatial domain, the watermark is embedded directly by modifying the intensity values of pixels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy based Robust Watermarking Scheme using HADAMARD Transformation Technique

Rajkumar.¹

2011

IJCA

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As a novel watermarking algorithm is required to protect copy rights of digital data entropy based robust watermarking scheme using Hadamard transformation technique is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique can hide an entire image or pattern as a watermark directly into the original image. As the quality of the image is to be preserved the entire image is not altered for embedding, instead few blocks are used based on the size of the watermark and information content of an image block. To reduce the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm Hadamard transformation is used for converting cover image from spatial domain to transform domain. The proposed algorithm is tested with Lena grey scale image of size 256x256 and watermark of size 64x64 using mat lab software. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is robust to random noise addition attack, resize attack and cropping attack. General TermsImage Processing, Multimedia Security, Digital Watermarking KeywordsDigital Watermarking, Hadamard transform based watermarking, Entropy based watermarking, transform domain watermarking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DWT typically provide higher imperceptibility and are much more robust to image process due to its excellent spatial localization and multi-resolution characteristics, which are similar to the theoretical models of the human visual system. Further performance improvements in DWT-based digital image watermarking algorithms could be obtained by combining DWT with DCT [6,7] .In this paper, we will propose a digital image watermarking algorithm based on DWT-DCT domain and RLC. Encoding binary watermark logo by Run-Length Code;the binary watermark image are embedded in the low-middle frequency coefficients of selected DCT blocks according to the RLC.…”

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confidence: 99%

A New Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on DWT-DCT-RLC

Jing

et al. 2011

AEF

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Abstract:The paper presents an imperceptible and robust digital watermarking algorithm using a combination of the DWT-DCT , which improves the robustness via using new embedding strategy. Apply 4-level DWT to the host image. Then, DCT transform of each directional middle frequencies DWT subband is computed; A binary watermarked logo is coded by Run-Length Code(RLC);The watermark bits are embedded in the coefficients of the DCT block based on the energy of each corresponding to coefficient in the highest level selected using the value of RLC. Performance evaluation show that the proposed scheme is invisible and robust against common image manipulations like JPEG compression, noise adding, sharpening, filtering. I IntroductionImage watermarking is the process of embedding the ownership information into host data so that intellectual copyrights can be identified. Along with the rapid growth of novel watermarking schemes, various attacking attempts have also been developed to destroy watermarking [1] . Such attacks as median filtering, compression, noise, and cropping, can easily make most of existing watermarking schemes ineffective. This is mainly due to the fact that slight manipulation for the marked image could desynchronizes the location of the watermark and causes incorrect watermark detection. In other words, the detection or extraction of the watermark requires a synchronization step to locate the embedded mark in the content. Recent contributions have shown that image adaptive watermarking schemes can be successfully implemented by changing some coefficients of transform domain. Commonly used frequency-domain watermarking schemes are the discrete cosine transform (DCT) [2] -based, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) [3,4] -based and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) [5] -based. DWT typically provide higher imperceptibility and are much more robust to image process due to its excellent spatial localization and multi-resolution characteristics, which are similar to the theoretical models of the human visual system. Further performance improvements in DWT-based digital image watermarking algorithms could be obtained by combining DWT with DCT [6,7] .In this paper, we will propose a digital image watermarking algorithm based on DWT-DCT domain and RLC. Encoding binary watermark logo by Run-Length Code;the binary watermark image are embedded in the low-middle frequency coefficients of selected DCT blocks according to the RLC. The idea of applying RLC is based on the fact that RLC of binary watermarking image could favor the orientation of embedded watermarking imformation, so that effective watermarking approaches could acquire. II Theory A.Run Length CodeRun-length code (RLC) is a very simple form of data compression in which runs of data (that is, sequences in which the same data value occurs in many consecutive data elements) are stored as a single data value and count, rather than as the original run. This is most useful on data that contains many such runs: for example, simple graphic images such as icons, l...

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Combined DWT-DCT Digital Image Watermarking

Cited by 287 publications

References 19 publications

A robust embedding and blind extraction of image watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform

A robust embedding and blind extraction of image watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform

Entropy based Robust Watermarking Scheme using HADAMARD Transformation Technique

A New Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on DWT-DCT-RLC

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