Combined Detection of Exosome Concentration and Tumor Markers in Gastric Cancer

Abstract

It has been an established fact that exosomes act as a mediator in tumor microenvironment as well as participate actively in intercellular communication between cancer cells. Exosomes carry a variety of molecular cargoes that prevent cyclic degradation and represent the cells of their origin. In this study, the difference in expression levels of exosomes was measured for diagnosis of gastric cancer. We isolated exosomes from plasma by size-selective method. The morphology of the exosomes was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, and the particle size and concentration of the exosomes were detected by NanoSight's Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Results indicated that the expression level of exosomes in gastric cancer patients was higher than that in healthy individuals. The specificity and sensitivity were 65.2% and 73.1%, respectively. Currently, clinical tumor markers for gastric cancer detection mainly included Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), Alpha-fetoprotein, Carbohydrate antigen 125, Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Carbohydrate antigen 242. When we combined positive rate for combined gastric cancer biomarkers, results showed that exosomes concentration +CA19-9 and exosomes concentration +CA72-4 in the two-combined test can provide enough positive rate. Therefore, it can be concluded that for gastric cancer, the concentration of exosomes may be regarded as a diagnostic indicator, eventually.

A light-activated magnetic bead strategy utilized in spatio-temporal controllable exosomes isolation

“…Previous studies have reported considerable progress in the field of liquid biopsy, particularly some nanomaterial-based liquid biopsy techniques ( Zhang P et al, 2019 ; Tian et al, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Xia et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ; He et al, 2021 ). On this basis, some studies have significantly improved the sensitivity of liquid biopsies, while others have looked at reducing the amount of fluid used in this process ( Huang et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2019 ; Kim et al, 2020 ; Jiang et al, 2021 ).…”

Exosomes: Small Vesicles with Important Roles in the Development, Metastasis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

“…Most of the early studies on EVs isolation were carried out by obtaining materials from cell culture medium, and humoral derived EVs (such as urine, blood, malignant ascites) have great scientific and clinical significance. A large number of studies have proved that exosome surface proteins, endogenous proteins and nucleic acids isolated from body fluids of various cancer patients are expected to be biomarkers for prediction, diagnosis, staging, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment response and prognosis [92], such as glioma [93]; Esophageal cancer [94]; Gastric cancer [95]; Pancreatic cancer [96,97]; Hepatocellular carcinoma [98]; Colorectal cancer [99]; Lung cancer [100]; Lung adenocarcinoma [101]. Non-small cell lung cancer [102]; Bladder cancer [103]; Prostate cancer [104]; Ovarian cancer [105,106]; Breast cancer [107], etc.…”

Diagnostic value of MRI-DWI signal intensity value combined with serum PGI, PGII and CA199 in early gastric cancer

“…Therefore, serum level can reflect the functional status of the gastric mucosa and is gradually used in the clinical diagnosis of early gastric cancer (19). The study shows that the occurrence and development mechanism of cancer is complex and biological characteristics, including tumor markers reflecting the presence of the tumor can indicate the nature of the tumor (20). CA199 is a class of glycoproteins with significantly elevated levels in malignant tumors like the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreas (21).…”