Combined Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates as Biocatalysts

Xu, Ming; Wang, Shuang-Shuang; Li, Lina; Gao, Jian; Zhang, Ye-Wang

doi:10.3390/catal8100460

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…This is due to the consumption of LA is a second-order reaction and that the rate of consumption of LA depends on the concentration of LA present in the reaction system, and the formation of trans, trans-CLA is governed by thermodynamics. 47,48 Though there is no obvious advantage in selectivity of total CLA and cis, trans-CLA compared with two commercial catalysts, what should be noticed is that the two commercial catalysts stay in low X LA while the X LA of S1 and S4 is up to 37.66% and 28.53% respectively. In this work, the oxidation state of Ru (shown in Table 2) doesn't display a signicant inuence on selectivity of products over isomerization of CSO.…”

Section: Characterization Of Ru/mwcnts Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Highly selective isomerization of cottonseed oil into conjugated linoleic acid catalyzed by multiwalled carbon nanotube supported ruthenium

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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Section: Characterization Of Ru/mwcnts Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Highly selective isomerization of cottonseed oil into conjugated linoleic acid catalyzed by multiwalled carbon nanotube supported ruthenium

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…The union of the CLEA technology with multipurpose and cascade biocatalysis has proven to be particularly attractive, producing many interesting progeny [133]. Multipurpose CLEAs can be prepared from crude enzyme extracts containing multiple enzymes.…”

Section: Multi-and Combi-cleasmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLEAs, Combi-CLEAs and ‘Smart’ Magnetic CLEAs: Biocatalysis in a Bio-Based Economy

2019

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Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of "smart" magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.Catalysts 2019, 9, 261 2 of 31 and deprotection steps. This affords synthetic routes that, compared with conventional organic syntheses, are more step economic, more energy efficient, generate less waste and provide products in exquisite stereochemical purities that are difficult to compete with.Consequently, in the last two decades biocatalysis has emerged as an important technology for meeting the growing demand for green and sustainable processing [2][3][4]. This embraces the whole gamut of chemicals manufacture, from the enantioselective synthesis of chiral drugs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] to the conversion of renewable biomass to liquid fuels and commodity chemicals [13][14][15]. This raises the perennial question: if biocatalysis is so superior why has it not been extensively used in the past? The answer is simple: thanks to advances in molecular biology and biotechnology, biocatalysis has undergone a spectacular leap forward in the last two decades:-Many more enzymes have been identified through (meta)genome mining, that is the in silico analysis of publicly accessible genome sequence data bases that have been generated as a result of next generation genome sequencing [16]. -Advances in gene synthesis have enabled the synthesis of identified genes, ready for cloning into a host production organism, in a few weeks at relatively low cost. This has significantly reduced the cost of development and subsequent production of enzymes at industrial scale. -Advances in protein engineering, using directed evolution techniques [17,18], have enabled optimization of enzyme performance under the challenging conditions encountered in industrial-scale processes, namely, high (stereo)selectivities, activities and space-time yields with non-natural substrates at high substrate concentrations, in the presence of organic solve...

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“…Several reviews have been published regarding the most commonly used crosslinking agents, including glutaraldehyde, dextran-aldehyde, and PEI/carbodiimides (Sheldon, 2019;Xu, Wang, Li, Gao, & Zhang, 2018). Among them, glutaraldehyde is by far the most used because of its commercial availability and low cost in addition to its high reactivity (Migneault, Dartiguenave, Bertrand, & Waldron, 2004).…”

Section: Enzyme Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalysis in the winemaking industry: Challenges and opportunities for immobilized enzymes

Ottone

Romero

Aburto

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Enzymes are powerful catalysts already being used in a large number of industrial processes. Impressive advantages in enzyme catalysts improvement have occurred in recent years aiming to improve their performance under harsh operation conditions far away from those of their cellular habitat. Production levels of the winemaking industry have experienced a remarkable increase, and technological innovations have been introduced for increasing the efficiency at different process steps or for improving wine quality, which is a key issue in this industry. Enzymes, such as pectinases and proteases, have been traditionally used, and others, such as glycosidases, have been more recently introduced in the modern wine industry, and many dedicated studies refer to the improvement of enzyme performance under winemaking conditions. Within this framework, a thorough review on the role of enzymes in winemaking is presented, with special emphasis on the use of immobilized enzymes as a significant strategy for catalyst improvement within an industry in which enzymes play important roles that are to be reinforced paralleling innovation.

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Combined Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates as Biocatalysts

Cited by 71 publications

References 111 publications

Highly selective isomerization of cottonseed oil into conjugated linoleic acid catalyzed by multiwalled carbon nanotube supported ruthenium

Highly selective isomerization of cottonseed oil into conjugated linoleic acid catalyzed by multiwalled carbon nanotube supported ruthenium

CLEAs, Combi-CLEAs and ‘Smart’ Magnetic CLEAs: Biocatalysis in a Bio-Based Economy

Biocatalysis in the winemaking industry: Challenges and opportunities for immobilized enzymes

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