Combined creatine and protein supplementation in conjunction  with resistance training promotes muscle GLUT-4  content and glucose tolerance in humans

Derave, Wim; Eijnde, Bert O.; Verbessem, Patricia; Ramaekers, Monique; Leemputte, Mark Van; Richter, Erik A.; Hespel, Peter

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00977.2002

Cited by 69 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It extends the findings from endurance training studies in patients with type 2 diabetes (41) and two previous strength training studies in healthy humans (42,43).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2004

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Strength training represents an alternative to endurance training for patients with type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the effect on insulin action and key proteins in skeletal muscle, and the necessary volume of strength training is unknown. A total of 10 type 2 diabetic subjects and 7 healthy men (control subjects) strength-trained one leg three times per week for 6 weeks while the other leg remained untrained. Each session lasted no more than 30 min. After strength training, muscle biopsies were obtained, and an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with arteriofemoral venous catheterization of both legs was carried out. In general, qualitatively similar responses were obtained in both groups. During the clamp, leg blood flow was higher (P < 0.05) in trained versus untrained legs, but despite this, arterio-venous extraction glucose did not decrease in trained legs. Thus, leg glucose clearance was increased in trained legs (P < 0.05) and more than explained by increases in muscle mass. Strength training increased protein content of GLUT4, insulin receptor, protein kinase B-␣/␤, glycogen synthase (GS), and GS total activity. In conclusion, we found that strength training for 30 min three times per week increases insulin action in skeletal muscle in both groups. The adaptation is attributable to local contraction-mediated mechanisms involving key proteins in the insulin signaling cascade. Diabetes 53: 294 -305, 2004 I t is an established finding that aerobic endurance training increases insulin action in patients with type 2 diabetes (1-9), and also that the effect of training is predominantly located to the skeletal muscle (10). Glycemic control also improves along with training (11). Furthermore, with the increased insulin action, the need for insulin to mediate the clearance of a given amount of glucose is lessened. Thus, the need for exogenous insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents is decreased (12). Apart from the beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, physical training also exerts marked improvement on most of the components of the metabolic syndrome (13).Despite the scientific evidence of the therapeutic effect of exercise training, it is a well-known clinical experience that it is often very difficult to engage the patients into taking exercise on a regular basis, and even if one succeeds, the adherence is disappointing. The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight and have usually been sedentary for the major part of their lives. For many reasons, both psychological and sociological, they are not likely to take up endurance training. Obesity may even be a physical problem in the performance of exercise, especially endurance-type exercises.For patients with type 2 diabetes, resistance training probably represents an attractive exercise modality, but little is known about the overall effect, and the effect in muscle has not been studied. Furthermore, dose-response studies on resistance training effects have not been carried out. To provide support for the recommendations about...

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“…It extends the findings from endurance training studies in patients with type 2 diabetes (41) and two previous strength training studies in healthy humans (42,43).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2004

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“…45,46 Existence of a causal relationship between physical activity and insulin resistance is further supported by the observation that immobilisation results in worsening of the glucose tolerance. 47 In conclusion, physical activity is inversely associated with insulin resistance in glucose-tolerant Danish children and most evidently in girls. Our observations support the view that in children physical activity is an important behaviour for metabolic function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Objectively measured physical activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance in Danish children.

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between measures of insulin resistance with objectively assessed physical activity. DESIGN: School-based, cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A randomly selected sample of 589 children (310 girls, 279 boys, mean (standard deviations, s.d.) age ¼ 9.7 (0.44) y, weight ¼ 33.6 (6.4) kg, height ¼ 1.39 (0.06) m) from Denmark. METHODS: Fasting blood samples were analysed for serum insulin and glucose. Physical activity was measured with the uniaxial Computer Science and Applications (CSA) model 7164 accelerometer, worn for at least 3 days (Z10 h day À1 ). Adiposity was assessed by the sum of four skinfolds. Multiple linear regression were performed to model insulin and glucose from average CSA output, adjusted for age, gender, puberty, ethnicity, birth weight, parental smoking, socioeconomic group, and CSA unit. In addition, we adjusted for skinfold thickness. RESULTS: Mean fasting serum glucose ranged from 4.1 to 6.5 mmol l À1 with a mean (s.d.) of 5.1 (0.37) mmol l À1 . Fasting insulin was negatively correlated with CSA output on levels of adjustment. Fasting glucose was not significantly associated with physical activity. However, in girls both indices of insulin resistance were significantly related to activity, whereas in boys none of the associations were significant. CONCLUSION: Physical activity is inversely associated with fasting insulin in the nondiabetic range of fasting glucose. The relationship was stronger for insulin than for glucose, indicating compensatory action by the b cells. Our data emphasise the importance of physical activity in children for the maintenance of metabolic control.

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“…Em humanos, a suplementação de creatina tem sido associada aos aumentos no conteúdo de GLUT-4 e estoques de glicogênio muscular, especialmente quando combinada à práti-ca de atividade física (8) . Reconhecidamente, o exercício físico per se é capaz de afetar a captação de glicose, aumentando seu transporte para dentro da célula, mediado por maior translocação do GLUT-4 para a membrana plasmática, mesmo sem a presença da insulina (16) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efeitos da suplementação de creatina na captação de glicose em ratos submetidos ao exercício físico

Freire

Gualano

Leme

et al. 2008

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOEstudos recentes têm sugerido que a suplementação de creatina é capaz de modular a homeostase da glicose, aumentando sua captação pelos tecidos periféricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito da suplementação de creatina na tolerância à glicose e no conteúdo de glicogênio muscular e hepático em ratos submetidos ou não à atividade física por quatro e oito semanas. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos: quatro e oito semanas de intervenção. Posteriormente, cada grupo foi subdividido em quatro subgrupos, de acordo com a ingestão do suplemento e o treinamento: controle cedentário, controle treinado, suplementado sedentário e suplementado treinado. Os animais tiveram livre acesso à água e ração; o grupo suplementado teve 2% de sua ração sob a forma de creatina monoidratada. Os grupos exercitados nadaram 40 minutos por dia, quatro dias por semana, com carga entre 2 e 5% do seu peso amarrado ao peito. Após quatro e oito semanas, o teste oral de tolerância à glicose e as dosagens de glicogênio muscular e hepático foram realizadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no teste de tolerância oral à glicose e no conteúdo de glicogênio muscular e hepático. Este estudo mostrou que a suplementação de creatina não exerceu influência na tolerância à glicose nem nas concentrações de glicogênio em ratos submetidos ou não à atividade física por quatro ou oito semanas.Palavras-chave: àcido α metil guanidino acético, condicionamento físico, glicemia. ABSTRACTRecently, studies have suggested that creatine supplementation can modulate glucose homeostasis by increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance, muscle and hepatic glycogen content in rats submitted or not to physical activity for four and eight weeks. Wistar rats were divided in two groups: four and eight weeks of intervention. Afterwards, each group was subdivided in four subgroups, according to supplement intake and exercise: Sedentary Control; Trained Control; Supplemented Sedentary; and Supplemented Trained. The animals had free access to water and chow and the supplemented groups had two % of their diet as creatine monohydrated. The exercise groups swam for 40 minutes a day, four days a week, with two to five % of their body weight attached to their chests. After four and eight weeks, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed and both hepatic and muscle glycogen were determined. No significant differences were observed between groups on glucose tolerance and glycogen content in muscle and hepatic tissue. This study shows that creatine supplementation does not influence neither glucose tolerance nor glycogen concentrations in rats submitted or not to physical activity for four and eight weeks.Keywords: glycine, N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methyl-, physical fitness, blood glucose. (1) . Recentemente, essa amina tem sido investigada como uma possível ferramenta capaz de modular o metabolismo dos carboidratos. Ferrante et ...

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Combined creatine and protein supplementation in conjunction with resistance training promotes muscle GLUT-4 content and glucose tolerance in humans

Abstract: . Combined creatine and protein supplementation in conjunction with resistance training promotes muscle GLUT-4 content and glucose tolerance in humans.

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Objectively measured physical activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance in Danish children.

Efeitos da suplementação de creatina na captação de glicose em ratos submetidos ao exercício físico

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