Combined conservation of jack bean and velvet bean with sorghum: evaluation of lab-scale silages and in vitro assessment of their nutritive value

Abstract

The potential of ensiled sorghum-soybean as a ruminant feed has already been demonstrated; however, alternatives for soybean should be considered because other legumes such as jack bean (JB; Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) and velvet bean (VB; Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC) might produce better yields under tropical conditions. First, the possibility for a qualitative conservation of these legumes in combination with sorghum was studied using lab-scale silages. Furthermore, the potential of additional molasses as a source of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and a microbial inoculant (BIOPRANAL) to improve silage quality were assessed. As sorghum or legume tannins may influence the silage nutritive value, their importance was assessed through the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), which reduces tannin activity. Therefore, 25 treatments per legume-sorghum combination were created according to a central composite design. An acceptable silage quality was reached when at least half of the fresh biomass consisted of sorghum in combination with at least 15 g of additional WSC/kg fresh material. The nutritive value of mixed silages as well as pure sorghum silage in combination with dry jack beans was determined through in vitro digestibility in the rumen and small intestine. Polyethylene glycol increased the in vitro production of short-chain fatty acids, ammonia (NH3) concentrations and effective rumen dry matter and crude protein degradability for both mixed silages, indicating that tannins reduced rumen degradability. The latter action could be positive as the amount of digestible bypass protein increased when no PEG was added in the silo. Propionate and valerate proportions were increased through PEG addition to sorghum-JB and sorghum-VB silages, respectively, suggesting that the nature of the tannins differ between these legumes

Effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on conservation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration silage

“…In the present study, the pH of the four TMR silages ranged from 3.78 to 3.94, which is the characteristics of a well-preserved silage (McDonald et al 1991). The lactic acid/fermentation acids ratios of all silages were more than 0.70, an indicator of well-preserved silages as reported by Lima et al (2014). Although butyric acid was detected in the control and treated silages, the contents were negligible and remained lower than the acceptable content of 2.0 g kg -1 DM 337 Pre-ensiled characteristics pH 5.29 WSC (g kg -1 DM) 240 Buffering capacity (mEq kg -1 DM) 231 Lactic acid bacteria (log 10 cfu g -1 FM)…”

Exploring dietary quality characteristics related to milk yield of crossbred cows in Ethiopian smallholder farms: a clustering and multivariate analysis approach

“…Rumen degradability of DM and CP for feed samples was determined using the in vitro procedure elaborated by Lima-Orozco et al (2014). Feed samples weighing 250 ± 1 mg (500 ± 1 mg in the 10 h series) were sealed in nylon bags (Solana, Edegem, Belgium, pore size 37 μm) and incubated in a shaking incubator at 39 °C in flasks containing 25 mL (50 mL for the 10 h series flasks) of a buffer/rumen fluid mixture under CO 2 environment.…”

“…Feed samples weighing 250 ± 1 mg (500 ± 1 mg in the 10 h series) were sealed in nylon bags (Solana, Edegem, Belgium, pore size 37 μm) and incubated in a shaking incubator at 39 °C in flasks containing 25 mL (50 mL for the 10 h series flasks) of a buffer/rumen fluid mixture under CO 2 environment. The buffer was prepared according to the procedure described by Lima-Orozco et al (2014). The rumen fluid (pH 6.41) was collected from three sheep before morning feeding.…”

“…Subsequently, an in vitro incubation was performed to determine the small intestine digestibility of the rumen undegraded crude protein according to the protocol described by Lima-Orozco et al (2014). About 150 mg of dried undegraded residues from the 10 h rumen incubation was placed into a new nylon bag, sealed, and incubated in an Erlenmeyer flask containing hydrochloric acid (HCl)pepsin solution for 2 h at 39 °C in a shaking incubator.…”

In vitro rumen degradability of tropical legumes and their secondary metabolites depends on inoculum source

“…Hence, tropical legumes are considered a valuable resource to enhance livestock productivity (Lima-Orozco et al 2014, Mohamed et al 2018, Soltan et al 2017). However, they contain plant secondary metabolites (PSM) that may have negative effects on the rumen microbial community (Makkar et al 2007b), cellular proliferation (Nguyen and Tawata 2016), organic matter (OM) degradability in the rumen, nutrient assimilation, animal performance and/or health (Janardhanan et al 2003, Makkar, et al 2007b).…”