Combined central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion as the initial presentation of frosted branch angiitis: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Purpose To report a case of combined central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO) that heralded the development of frosted branch angiitis (FBA). Case report A 25-year-old healthy male presented with sudden painless visual loss in his left eye with a visual acuity (VA) of 20/300. Fundus exam and fluorescein angiography showed signs of combined CRVO and CLRAO. Without treatment, his vision gradually improved until it reached 20/30 within four months. Five months after initial presentation, he returned with severe visual loss (20/400) in the same eye and a clinical picture of severe occlusive periphlebitis resembling a frosted branch angiitis pattern associated with severe macular edema. This was promptly and successfully treated with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive medications. Conclusion CRVO in young population can have an unusual course and one should carefully rule out underlying uveitic etiologies in each visit. Clinical suspicion and close follow‑up are required for early detection and timely management of FBA.