The surface of Si3N4 filler particles was modified by heat treatments before the onset of the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis process. The strength, Young's modulus, and hardness of Si3N4filler/Si–C–Nmatrix particulate‐reinforced composites (PRC) were improved up to 50%, 60%, and 71%, respectively, by the treatment. Si was formed at the surface of the Si3N4 filler particles by the treatment, which induced a strong bonding between the filler and the Si–C–N matrix during pyrolysis by a carbothermal reaction, thus improving the properties of the PRC.