Combined B, T and NK Cell Deficiency Accelerates Atherosclerosis in BALB/c Mice

Cheng, Fei; Twardowski, Laura; Reifenberg, Kurt; Winter, Kerstin; Canisius, Antje; Fan, Jianglin; Schmitt, Edgar; Shultz, Leonard D.; Lackner, Karl J.; Torzewski, Michael

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157311

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Cheng et al showed that combined B, T, and NK cell deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis in BALB/c mice, demonstrating the impact of lymphocytes, including NKs, on lipoprotein metabolism along with the relevant contribution of lymphocyte subsets in plaque composition in atherosclerosis [101]. …”

Section: Natural Killer Cells In Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Parisi

Bassani

Tremolati

et al. 2017

Journal of Immunology Research

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Inflammation, altered immune cell phenotype, and functions are key features shared by diverse chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Natural killer cells are innate lymphoid cells primarily involved in the immune system response to non-self-components but their plasticity is largely influenced by the pathological microenvironment. Altered NK phenotype and function have been reported in several pathological conditions, basically related to impaired or enhanced toxicity. Here we reviewed and discussed the role of NKs in selected, different, and “distant” chronic diseases, cancer, diabetes, periodontitis, and atherosclerosis, placing NK cells as crucial orchestrator of these pathologic conditions.

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Section: Natural Killer Cells In Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Parisi

Bassani

Tremolati

et al. 2017

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…ATS represents the most common pathophysiological alteration leading to ischemic heart disease and stroke ( 55 ). NK cells have been detected in atherosclerotic lesions in humans ( 56 , 57 ) and mice ( 32 , 33 , 58 , 59 ), mostly in advanced lesions, deep within plaques, and in shoulder regions of plaque ( 32 ). In addition, patients with advanced lesions show high levels of circulating NK cells ( 60 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When a Friend Becomes Your Enemy: Natural Killer Cells in Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors

et al. 2022

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Atherosclerosis (ATS), the change in structure and function of arteries with associated lesion formation and altered blood flow, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, the number one killer worldwide. Beyond dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, together with aberrant phenotype and function of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, are now recognized as relevant contributors to atherosclerosis onset and progression. While the role of macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis has been addressed in several studies, Natural Killer cells (NKs) represent a poorly explored immune cell type, that deserves attention, due to NKs’ emerging contribution to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, the possibility to re-polarize the immune system has emerged as a relevant tool to design new therapies, with some succesfull exmples in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper knowledge of NK cell pathophysiology in the context of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated risk factors could help developing new preventive and treatment strategies, and decipher the complex scenario/history from “the risk factors for atherosclerosis” Here, we review the current knowledge about NK cell phenotype and activities in atherosclerosis and selected atherosclerosis risk factors, namely type-2 diabetes and obesity, and discuss the related NK-cell oriented environmental signals.

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“…Furthermore, the body releases hormones like catecholamines that regulate inflammatory substance levels in the blood, resulting in a decreased lymphocyte count. In ACS patients, stress and other factors can reduce lymphocyte levels in the plasma, significantly decreasing the CD4/CD8 ratio, weakening immune function, and inducing a short-term inflammatory state [ 22 ]. This contributes to arterial sclerosis development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, NHR and coronary artery disease

Yuan,

Li,

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Objective Chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia are key risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We retrospectively explored the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the neutrophil to HDL-C ratio (NHR), and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Method In June 2023, we selected 1210 patients who were diagnosed with ACS based on chest pain from January 2017 to December 2022. Of these, 1100 patients with abnormal coronary angiography were categorized into the experimental group, and 110 patients with normal coronary angiography were classified as the control group. We collected routine blood tests, lipid profiles, and coronary angiography results at admission (before coronary angiography). Patients were then stratified into a control group (Gensini score = 0) and an experimental group (Gensini score = 0) based on the Gensini score. The experimental group was further divided into a low score group (Gensini score < 69) and a high score group (Gensini score ≥ 69). Result 1. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups in terms of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, and counts of neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON), eosinophils (EOS), red cell distribution width (RDW), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR (P<0.05). Furthermore, differences in BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, NEU, LYM, MON, TC, triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR were significant between the low and high score groups (P<0.05). 2. NEU, LYM, MON, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR showed significant correlations with the Gensini score (r>0.2, P<0.05), with NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C showing the strongest correlations (r = 0.822, P = 0.000). 3. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the combination of NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C had superior sensitivity and specificity in predicting the severity of coronary lesions, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The sensitivity was 87.1%, the specificity was 90.9%, and the cut-off point was 2.04. 4. A predictive model was developed based on the ratio of NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C to the Gensini score. The final model score was calculated as 6.803 + 7.029NLR + 13.079LDL-C/HDL-C (R2 = 0.708). Conclusion Compared to NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR, the combined NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more accurate marker for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease in ACS patients. Its convenience and effectiveness make it a promising tool for early assessment, timely risk stratification, and appropriate clinical intervention, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for ACS patients.

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Combined B, T and NK Cell Deficiency Accelerates Atherosclerosis in BALB/c Mice

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

When a Friend Becomes Your Enemy: Natural Killer Cells in Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors

The relationship between NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, NHR and coronary artery disease

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