Combined and independent cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and chlorhexidine

Vouzara, Triantafyllia; Koulaouzidou, Elisabeth A.; Ziouti, F; Economides, Nikolaos

doi:10.1111/iej.12517

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, with EDTA diluted to 0.5%, the results were conflicting (16). In addition, our result was contrary to that of other investigators who concluded that the cytotoxic effect of 15% and 17% EDTA is time-and dose-dependent (3,5,14,15,17,25). These conflicting results may be explained by the use of a variety of methods other than the MTT assay used in the present study to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of chelating agents (25).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…The chelating agents were tested at clinically used concentrations: 1% AA, 0.2% CH, and 17% EDTA. Cell viability assay evaluates cytotoxic effects by measuring the behavior of cell cultures against a given substance and may be indicative of effects caused in vivo, although its results cannot be directly extrapolated to the in vivo condition (5). Different time points were used to mimic the effect of the chelating agents immediately after contact with the cells and the effect of residual components over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common chelating agent is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which, at neutral pH, reacts with the calcium ions in dentin and forms soluble calcium chelates (1,2). However, if extruded into the periapical tissues, it can cause apoptosis, necrosis (3), inflammation (4), and cytotoxic effects (5). Acetic acid (AA) can remove dentin calcium ions, favoring smear layer removal, but it can also reach the inorganic structure of dentin, causing subsequent erosion and changes in dentin microhardness (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity of Chelating Agents Used In Endodontics and Their Influence on MMPs of Cell Membranes

Pivatto¹,

Pedro²,

Guedes³

et al. 2020

Braz. Dent. J.

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This study evaluated the cytotoxic effect and the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) of 0.2% chitosan (CH) and 1% acetic acid (AA) compared with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Cell viability assay was performed according to ISO 10993-5 with mouse fibroblasts (L929). The culture was exposed to 0.2% CH, 1% AA, and 17% EDTA. The chelating agents were evaluated immediately after contact with the cells and after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inhibition of the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was evaluated by gelatin zymography. Different concentrations of CH were evaluated: 50 mM, 5 mM, 0.5 mM, and 0.05 mM. EDTA (0.5 mM) was used as a positive control. The results demonstrated that CH and AA had an initial cytotoxic effect, which decreased after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, being statistically similar to EDTA (P > 0.05). Additionally, CH at concentrations of 50 mM, 5 mM, and 0.5 mM had an inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9, similar to that of the control with EDTA. The chelating agents had no cytotoxic effects after 24 h. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited by the experimental solutions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity of Chelating Agents Used In Endodontics and Their Influence on MMPs of Cell Membranes

Pivatto¹,

Pedro²,

Guedes³

et al. 2020

Braz. Dent. J.

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“…25 In this study, except for the control group, increased exposure time with regard to all test solutions increased toxicity. Vouzara et al 26 reported that an increase in the exposure time of EDTA and CHX on human lung fibroblasts cell line (6, 24 hours) increased toxicity. Li et al 27 reported that CHX toxicity on the murine macrophage cell line increased with the increase in exposure time (1, 2, 4 hours).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Osteoblast Hücre Hattı Üzerinde Qmix, Etilen Diamintetraasetik Asit ve Klorhheksidin’in Sitotoksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Aydın¹,

Akpınar²,

Hepokur³

et al. 2018

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal

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Objectives: In this study, the time-dependent toxic effects of QMix ™, ethylene ediaminetetraacetic acid and chlorhexidine irrigation solutions on human osteoblast cells were as evaluated. Methods and Materials: Human osteoblast cells were grown as monolayer cultures at 37ºC in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air and 100% relative humidity. Cells were exposed to ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine (CHX) and QMix™ for 4 hours and 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed by a 2,3-bis(2methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide kit (XTT) assay. The differences in the mean viability of human osteoblast cells were evaluated statistically. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mean percentage of viable cells in the test solutions and control group, both after 4 hour (p˂0.001) and 24 hour exposure (p=0.004). The mean percentage of viable cells decreased statistically significantly with the increase in the time of exposure in the EDTA, CHX and QMix TM groups (p˂0.05). After 4 hours' exposure, the EDTA and QMix showed statistically a less toxic effect than did CHX (p˂0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the toxicity of the irrigation solutions after 24 hours' exposure (p>0.05). Conclusion: All irrigation solutions tested showed various toxic effects on the human osteoblast cell line. The increase in exposure time also increased the toxicity of irrigation solutions on the human osteoblast cell line.

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“…A single solution cannot entirely fulfil all these actions, hence the need for substance association [5][6][7][8][9]. However, in conjunction with the considerable improvement of cleaning the root canal harmful effects were also noticed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Interactions among Some Antimicrobial Solutions and Chelating Agents Used in Endodontics for Irrigation of Infected Root Canals

Lisa¹,

Cârâc²,

Lupu³

et al. 2017

Rev. Chim.

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The root canal irrigants are of utmost importance in the soft tissue dissolving, the removal of microorganisms, hard-tissue debris, and smear layer. This study sets forth to investigate the stability and synergic interactions of different systems with various combinations among antimicrobial substances and chelating agents, frequently used in endodontics for the irrigation of the infected root canals through electrochemical evaluation, physicochemical and spectrophotometric analysis. The pharmaceutical products indicated as the antiseptic solutions (sodium hypochlorite - NaOCl, chlorhexidine - CHX) and chelating agents (EDTA, citric acid - CA) have large pH variations on the entire pH domain. The physicochemical parameters� (pH, conductivity) assessment at the CHX and CA solutions shown good stability in time and also electrochemical behaviour (OCP, CV). There is a dissociation of ions in aqueous medium and a competition of the chemical balances among the structures, as an intense electrochemical activity between the functional groups through the intensification of the anodic current currents, and a shift of the potential registered. This allows the formulation that chemical interactions are not always possible among diverse types of antimicrobial solutions and chelating agents for endodontic use.

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Combined and independent cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and chlorhexidine

Abstract: CHX was significantly more cytotoxic than NaOCl and EDTA. NaOCl was significantly more cytotoxic than EDTA. The combined action of irrigants did not produce a significant increase in their cytotoxicity.

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

Cytotoxicity of Chelating Agents Used In Endodontics and Their Influence on MMPs of Cell Membranes

Cytotoxicity of Chelating Agents Used In Endodontics and Their Influence on MMPs of Cell Membranes

Human Osteoblast Hücre Hattı Üzerinde Qmix, Etilen Diamintetraasetik Asit ve Klorhheksidin’in Sitotoksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Chemical Interactions among Some Antimicrobial Solutions and Chelating Agents Used in Endodontics for Irrigation of Infected Root Canals

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