Combined Active/passive Microwave Classification Of Sea Ice

Livingstone, C.E.

doi:10.1109/igarss.1989.567267

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the context of microwave scattering, winter sea ice can be considered as a three component medium: ice crystals, air pockets, and brine. Each component has a very different complex dielectric constant at microwave frequencies and exists in different characteristic sizes, shapes, volumes and surface distributions (Livingstone 1989). Since the scale sizes of the constituents (-mm to -cm) are within the range of wavelengths found at microwave frequencies, we can expect characteristic signatures based on the scattering from the constituent combinations.…”

Section: Dielectric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scattering from a seasonally varying snow-covered sea ice volume at 5.3 and 9.25 GHz

Barber

LeDrew

1994

Polar Research

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1994: Modeling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scattering from a seasonally varying snow-covered sea icc volume at 5.3 and 9.25 GHz. Polar Research 13. 35-54.A scrics of scnsitivity analyses using dielectric, mixture and microwave scattering models is presented. Data from thc Seasonal Sea Ice Monitoring and Modeling Site (SIMMS) in 1990 and 1991 are used to initialize the models. The objective of thc research is to investigate the role of various geophysical and clcctrical properties in spccifying the total relative scattering cross section (u") of snow covered first-year sea ice during thc spring period.Thc scasonal transition period from the Winter SAR scattering season to Early Melt was shown to signal a transition in dielectric properties which caused the snow volumc to become a factor in the microwavc scattering process. Thc effcct of the thermal insulation of a snow coveron sea ice was shown to be significant for both E' and E". Highcr atmospheric tcmperatures caused proportionally greater changes in the dielectric propcrtics of the sea ice at the base of thc snow cover. Model u" was computed for a range of scnsor. scnsor-earth geomctry. and geophysical propcrties. I n the Winter season the surface roughness terms (u,, and L) wcre shown to have a significant impact on u" when thc ice surface was the primary scattering mechanism. Once the snow cover began to warm and water was available in a liquid phase. the ice surface bccame masked because of the decrease in microwave penetration depths. During this period the water volumc variablc dominated u", both from its impact on d. and due to its control ovcr the dielectric mismatch created at thc air/snow interfacc.

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Section: Dielectric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scattering from a seasonally varying snow-covered sea ice volume at 5.3 and 9.25 GHz

Barber

LeDrew

1994

Polar Research

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“…These techniques achieved a good degree of success and involve using active measurements of the scattering cross section and passive measurements of the surface emissions, often together [3].…”

Section: Inversion Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good summary of the early work was published by Livingstone [3]. Another thorough introduction and treatment of the various techniques for sensing snow and ice is included in the textbook by Rees [4].…”

Section: Conventional Sea Ice Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards Sea Ice Remote Sensing with Space Detected GPS Signals: Demonstration of Technical Feasibility and Initial Consistency Check Using Low Resolution Sea Ice Information

Gleason

2010

Remote Sensing

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This paper presents two space detected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflected off sea ice and compares the returned power profiles with independent estimates of ice concentration provided by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) and sea ice charts from the National Ice Center. The results of the analysis show significantly different signals received for each of the GPS reflections. For the first collection, comparisons with ice concentration estimates from AMSR-E and the National Ice Centers reveal a very strong GPS signal return off high concentration sea ice. The second GPS data collection occurs over a region of changing sea ice concentration, and the GPS signal level responds at roughly the same point that the AMSR-E data and National Ice Center charts indicate a change in ice concentration. However, the very strong signal of the first GPS collection is not consistent in magnitude with similar ice concentrations during the second GPS data collection. This demonstration shows the potential and the difficulties of this new technique as a valuable low-cost compliment to existing sea ice monitoring instruments. Additionally, a general method for calculating the location of the specular reflection point on the Earth's surface and the received Doppler frequencies and code phase delays is presented as part of an on-board open-loop signal tracking technique.

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Combined Active/passive Microwave Classification Of Sea Ice

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Modeling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scattering from a seasonally varying snow-covered sea ice volume at 5.3 and 9.25 GHz

Modeling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scattering from a seasonally varying snow-covered sea ice volume at 5.3 and 9.25 GHz

Towards Sea Ice Remote Sensing with Space Detected GPS Signals: Demonstration of Technical Feasibility and Initial Consistency Check Using Low Resolution Sea Ice Information

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