Combinatorial High-Throughput Optical Screening of High Performance Pd Alloy Cathode for Hybrid Li–Air Battery

Abstract

Combinatorial high-throughput optical screening method was developed to find the optimum composition of highly active Pd-based catalysts at the cathode of the hybrid Li-air battery. Pd alone, which is one-third the cost of Pt, has difficulty in replacing Pt; therefore, the integration of other metals was investigated to improve its performance toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Among the binary Pd-based catalysts, the composition of Pd-Ir derived catalysts had higher performance toward ORR compared to other Pd-based binary combinations. The composition at 88:12 at. % (Pd: Ir) showed the highest activity toward ORR at the cathode of the hybrid Li-air battery. The prepared Pd(88)Ir(12)/C catalyst showed a current density of -2.58 mA cm(-2) at 0.8 V (vs RHE), which was around 30% higher compared to that of Pd/C (-1.97 mA cm(-2)). When the prepared Pd(88)Ir(12)/C catalyst was applied to the hybrid Li-air battery, the polarization of the cell was reduced and the energy efficiency of the cell was about 30% higher than that of the cell with Pd/C.

Recent Progress on Stability Enhancement for Cathode in Rechargeable Non‐Aqueous Lithium‐Oxygen Battery

“…By replacing the widely used carbon cathode with a nanoporous gold (NPG) cathode, the first truly rechargeable Li‐O 2 battery with an overwhelmingly reversible formation/decomposition of Li 2 O 2 for 100 cycles was constructed ( Figure 7 a) . This report provided clear insight into the benefit of carbon‐alternative cathode in circumventing all the challenges associated with carbon oxidation, which has attracted worldwide attention in developing a stable cathode with non‐carbonaceous materials for Li‐O 2 battery . Riaz reported a carbon‐free cobalt oxide cathode via an electrodeposition‐conversion process that is capable of delivering a long cycling stability .…”

“…[ 138 ] This report provided clear insight into the benefi t of carbon-alternative cathode in circumventing all the challenges associated with carbon oxidation, which has attracted worldwide attention in developing a stable cathode with non-carbonaceous materials for Li-O 2 battery. [143][144][145][146][147][148] Riaz reported a carbon-free cobalt oxide cathode via an electrodeposition-conversion process that is capable of delivering a long cycling stability. [ 140 ] Meanwhile, an effi cient electrode based on cobalt oxide and manganese Adv.…”

Growth of Ru‐Modified Co3O4 Nanosheets on Carbon Textiles toward Flexible and Efficient Cathodes for Flexible Li–O2 Batteries

“…[ 23,24 ] To avoid this reaction, carbon-free or modifi ed carbon material cathodes are proposed. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Adding insult to injury, commonly used organic binders (e.g., PVDF) are found to be quite unstable in Li-O 2 batteries. [32][33][34] Furthermore, the addition of a nonconductive binder inevitably increases the impedance of the cell.…”

“…However, recent reports found that the carbon electrode can react with Li 2 O 2 to form Li 2 CO 3 . To avoid this reaction, carbon‐free or modified carbon material cathodes are proposed . Adding insult to injury, commonly used organic binders (e.g., PVDF) are found to be quite unstable in Li–O 2 batteries .…”

High-throughput battery materials testing based on test cell arrays and dispense/jet printed electrodes

“…Moreover, the fabrication of battery electrodes are characterized by complex technologies like mixing which are not easily suited for the preparation of continuous material libraries. For example, synthesizing electrodes with continuous composition spreads were performed with alloy electrodes that were sputtered or evaporated simultaneously from two or more spatially separated sources (Alcock et al 2011;Fleischauer et al 2003;Jun et al 2014;MacEachern et al 2015;Whitacre et al 2003). Unfortunately, this technology is not relevant for many interesting and industry relevant electrode materials.…”