Combinations of trees and crops in the taungya method as applied in Thailand

Abstract

Abstract. In Thailand the taungya reforestation method has been practiced primarily in order to rehabilitate wasteland, particularly under the Forest Village Programme. While various combinations of trees and crops are found in the taungya method on a minor scale, the major combinations are teak with upland rice in the north, fast-growing trees with cassava in the northeast, fast-growing trees with maize in the west, and para-rubber or fast-growing trees with fruit trees in the south. These combinations relate to the differences in climatic conditions, mainly the duration of the rainy season.

Agro‐Successional Restoration as a Strategy to Facilitate Tropical Forest Recovery

“…Planting annual crops in the initial stage of reforestation is a relatively common practice around the world, often called taungya. Farmers grow crops such as beans, cassava, or corn during the first few years while they plant a range of tree species for timber production (e.g., Nwonwu 1987; Watanabe et al 1988; Shankar et al 1998; Schlönvoigt & Beer 2001; Haggar et al 2003; Mercer et al 2005; Table 1). Taungya provides food or income for farmers while the trees grow.…”

A review of dipterocarps: taxonomy, ecology and silviculture

“…Integration of farming into the tending and conservation of logged forests was discussed (Serrano 1987, Mauricio 1987b, as well as the propects for agroforestry to be used for the rehabilitation of degraded forest land in Indonesia (Kartiwinata and Satjapradja 1983). Watanabe et al (1988) investigated a taungya reforestation method in the context of the Government Forest Village Programme in Thailand, where Dipterocarpus alatus is involved. An agroforestry system using dipterocarps was also tried in West Malaysia (Cheah 1971, Ramli andOng 1972) but it has not been adopted.…”

Initial spacing of teak (Tectona grandis) in northern Lao PDR: Impacts on the growth of teak and companion crops

“…However, several silviculture management practices such as thinning, pruning or species selection have been suggested to extend the intercropping period (Nair, 1991). The successful association of annual crops with teak during the first years of a tree plantation has been reported by several authors (Weersum, 1982;Watanabe et al, 1988;Hansen et al, 1997;Roshetko et al, 2013;Ugalde, 2013). However, few studies have evaluated wider teak spacing in Laos (or elsewhere) with the aim of extending the intercropping period beyond the first 2-3 years after planting teak.…”