Combinations of Distortion in Speech: The Twenty-Five Per Cent Safety Factor by Multiple-Cueing

Harris, J. Donald

doi:10.1001/archotol.1960.00740010232014

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Increased speech rate is one of the ways to decrease external redundancy in test materials (Bergman, 1980;Letowski & Poch, 1996;Mueller, 1985) due to frequency changes and articulatory modifications (Wallace & Koury, 1981). Nonetheless, studies have shown that increased speech rate may result in high recognition scores (Harris, 1960). Some recent literature (Janse, 2003) points to the fact that listeners can understand L1 speech at much faster rates than they themselves can produce.…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature refers in many studies to the effect of various degrading listening conditions on speech perception in monolingual and bilingual speakers (Albert & Obler, 1978;Berger, Royster, & Thomas, 1977;Bergman, 1980;Boothroyd, 1986;Boothroyd, 1988;Boothroyd & Nittrouer, 1988;Flege, 1995;Gosy, 1991, Harris, 1960Janse, 2003, Kalikow, Stevens, & Elliott, 1977Moore, 1989;Mueller, 1985;Schum, 1996;Siptar, 1991, Strange, 1995Wallace & Koury, 1981;Williams, 1979). Only few studies have investigated, however, the effects of combined adverse conditions on speech perception of bilinguals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Speech perception in adverse listening conditions in Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals

Rosenhouse

Haik

Kishon‐Rabin

2006

International Journal of Bilingualism

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We thank Mrs. Esther Shabtay, from the Department of Communication Disorders, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, for her help in the statistical analysis. AbstractRelatively little is known about the combined effects of adverse listening conditions on bilinguals' speech perception. This study examines the effect of (1) speech rate and (2) noise, separately and combined, on bilinguals' speech perception in L1 and L2. Participants were university students, native speakers of Arabic (L1), with Hebrew L2. Speech perception tests consisted of 64 CHABA sentences adapted to Hebrew and to Arabic (32 sentences per language). In each language, speech perception was evaluated under four conditions: quiet+ normal speech rate; noise + normal speech rate; quiet+ fast speech rate; fast speech rate + noise. The results showed that under optimal conditions, our native speakers of Arabic in Israel had similar achievements in Arabic (L1) and Hebrew (L2). Under difficult conditions, however, their performance was poorer in L2 than in L1: background noise had a greater detrimental effect than speech rate, and the combined detrimental effect of speech rate and background noise was greater for L2 than for L1. These results highlight the importance of attention to acoustic conditions and speaker related characteristics when testing speech perception in general and especially in the case of bilinguals.

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Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech perception in adverse listening conditions in Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals

Rosenhouse

Haik

Kishon‐Rabin

2006

International Journal of Bilingualism

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“…Time compression leaves intact the spectral signal, but taxes the system in processing a greater chunk of information in a shorter amount of time, thereby simulating the often observed cognitive slowdown seen in normal aging and after brain damage. Given these results, it is not surprising that a combination of these stressors can lead to ''superadditive'' language deficits (i.e., decrements in performance that are greater than the simple sum of the deficits produced from each single factor), resembling those seen in individuals with language disorders (Aydelott & Bates, 2004;Dick et al, 2001;Gordon-Salant & Fitzgibbons, 1995;Harris, 1960;Lacroix, Harris, & Randolph, 1979).…”

Section: Lexical Processing In Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Processing Continuum of Single-Word Comprehension in Aphasia

Moineau

Dronkers

Bates

2005

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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This study investigated the vulnerability of lexical processing in individuals with aphasia. Though classical teaching of aphasia syndromes holds that people with Broca's aphasia have intact comprehension at the single-word level, the nature and extent of this purported sparing were explored under suboptimal processing conditions. A combination of acoustic distortions (low-pass filtering and time compression) was used to probe for "break points" in lexical comprehension in a group of individuals with aphasia. Results suggest that accurate and efficient lexical processing is vulnerable to suboptimal listening climates, and that processing under these conditions reveals the continuous nature of the impairment of linguistic behaviors observed in individuals with aphasia.

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“…This may be motivated by noting that everyday speech is highly redundant and therefore, that understanding this type of speech does not critically depend on the weakest consonants. Harris (1960), however, emphasized that everyday speech may suffer from all kinds of distortions reducing the redundancy. He emphasized that hearing loss at 3 kHz should be included into an index of hearing handicap instead of the loss at 0.5 kHz Harris, 1965).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech reception in quiet and in noisy conditions by individuals with noise-induced hearing loss in relation to their tone audiogram

Smoorenburg

1992

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

227

151

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Tone thresholds and speech-reception thresholds were measured in 200 individuals (400 ears) with noise-induced hearing loss. The speech-reception thresholds were measured in a quiet condition and in noise with a speech spectrum at levels of 35, 50, 65, and 80 dBA. The tone audiograms could be described by three principal components: hearing loss in the regions above 3 kHz, from 1 to 3 kHz and below 1 kHz; the speech thresholds could be described by two components: speech reception in quiet and speech reception in noise at 50-80 dBA. Hearing loss above 1 kHz was related to speech reception in noise; hearing loss at and below 1 kHz to speech reception in quiet. The correlation between the speech thresholds in quiet and in noise was only R = 0.45. An adequate predictor of the speech threshold in noise, the primary factor in the hearing handicap, was the pure-tone average at 2 and 4 kHz (PTA2,4, R = 0.72). The minimum value of the prediction error for any tone-audiometric predictor of this speech threshold was 1.2 dB (standard deviation). The prediction could not be improved by taking into account the critical ratio for low-frequency noise nor by its upward spread of masking. The prediction error is due to measurement error and to a factor common to both ears. The latter factor is ascribed to cognitive skill in speech reception. Hearing loss above 10 to 15 dB HL (hearing level) already shows an effect on the speech threshold in noise, a noticeable handicap is found at PTA2,4 = 30 dB HL.

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Combinations of Distortion in Speech: The Twenty-Five Per Cent Safety Factor by Multiple-Cueing

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Speech perception in adverse listening conditions in Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals

Speech perception in adverse listening conditions in Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals

Exploring the Processing Continuum of Single-Word Comprehension in Aphasia

Speech reception in quiet and in noisy conditions by individuals with noise-induced hearing loss in relation to their tone audiogram

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