Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the intense pulsed light (IPL) and meibomian gland expression (MGX) combination therapy according to the different numbers of sessions in the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Methods: Ninety patients with MGD were included. Patients had a maximum of 1 to 5 sessions of IPL (AQUA CEL, Jeisys, Korea) and MGX combination therapy at 2-week intervals. At each visit, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score, MG profile grades, tear matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 grades, tear break-up time (BUT), tear osmolarity, tear secretion and corneal erosions were evaluated.
Results:The number of patients who had a total of 1 to 5 consecutive sessions (1S to 5S) was 10, 25, 17, 20, and 18, respectively. The time-serial decrease of OSDI scores was significant in patients who had a total of 3 or more sessions (P=0.002 [3S] and P<0.001 [4S and 5S]). The MG expressibility grade decreased with a total of 2 or more sessions (P<0.001 [2S to 5S]), but the meibum quality significantly improved with all sessions (P=0.012 [1S], P=0.024 [2S], P=0.015 [3S], and P<0.001 [4S and 5S]).Although tear BUT increased even in patients with 1 session (P=0.040 [1S], P=0.005 [3S], P=0.006[4S], and P=0.021 [5S]), tear MMP-9, osmolarity, Schirmer I, and corneal erosions were not improved in every number of sessions. The female gender was the sole contributor to the final symptomatic improvement (P=0.042), and the MGD stages were not related to the final decrease in OSDI score.
Conclusions:The OSDI score, MGD grades, and BUT were improved after the IPL and MGX combination therapy in MGD patients. Unlike MGD grades and tear film instability might be improved just after a few sessions, the overall subjective relief was accomplished in a total of 3 or more sessions.