Combination therapy with bone marrow stromal cells and FK506 enhanced amelioration of ischemic brain damage in rats

Neuroprotective effects of erythromycin on cerebral ischemia reperfusion-injury and cell viability after oxygen-glucose deprivation in cultured neuronal cells

“…When a tissue suffers ischemia and reperfusion, proinflammatory cytokines produced by inflammatory cells can trigger adhesion of circulating neutrophils to endothelial cells and generation of ROS that enhances neutrophil infiltration and results in further ischemic injury (Suda et al, 2011). We, therefore, have chosen to measure the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α because this cytokine mediates infarct enlargement (Nito et al, 2011;Barone et al, 1997;Zawadzka and Kaminska, 2004).…”

Immunosuppressant FK506: Focusing on neuroprotective effects following brain and spinal cord injury

“…This production is considered key to the benefits provided by MSC transplantation. Suda et al (2011), taking into account the extra neurogenic effect of MSCs, examined whether FK506 may act additively or synergistically with MSC transplantation following brain focal ischemia. They found that combined therapy with FK506 and MSCs led to reduction of infarct volume, edema index and neurological score, and moreover, the number of engrafted MSCs was significantly higher than with MSCs alone.…”

Recent Advances in Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke

“…BMSCs can also influence the microenvironment at an injury site through the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors or by decreasing interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. They may also induce the secretion of antiapoptotic molecules and trophic factors that promote angiogenesis, immunomodulation, including inhibition of T-cell proliferation, promotion of regulatory T cell (Treg) function, and diminishment of IL-23/IL-17 expression, and increased axonal growth [37][38][39][40][41].…”