“…With the shift in traffic demand from city centers to residential areas, there would be a surge in traffic generation in residential areas due to increased use of multimedia services, such as online gaming, video streaming, video conferencing, etc., thereby putting much pressure on the limited backhaul capacity of both fixed broadband and cellular networks which are not optimized to support such drastic surges in traffic demand. For example, in UDNs where a very large number of small cells (SC) are deployed under the coverage area of a macro cell, the issue of backhaul capacity becomes even more challenging than RAN capacity, as there may not be sufficient capacity in the backhaul to successfully route the volume of traffic generated from the SCs to the macro cell as well as the core network (Gao et al, 2015;Adedoyin and Falowo, 2020). This could result in backhaul congestion, thereby leading to increased latency and poor quality of service.…”