Combination of tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV attenuate atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in ApoE(-/-) mice by activating PI3K/AKT signaling and suppressing TRL4/NF-κB signaling

Role of PI3K in the Progression and Regression of Atherosclerosis

“…Wang et al demonstrated that tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV stabilized vulnerable plaques in ApoE (−/−) mice fed a high-fat diet, through the PI3K/Akt/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which had an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibited the expression of MMP-9. Compared with ApoE (−/−) model mice, model mice treated with the a combination of tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV also showed a significant reduction in the lipid area of the right common carotid artery; an increased collagen content, thickening the fibrous cap; and reduced ox-LDL-induced accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in RAW 264.7 macrophages (Wang et al, 2020). Similarly, quercetin attenuates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway, promoting the stability of atherosclerotic plaques (Endale et al, 2013).…”

Macrophage Plasticity and Atherosclerosis Therapy

“…Rivaroxaban reduces atherosclerotic plaque progression partially by inhibiting pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages (Hara et al, 2015). Natural products tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV can reduce macrophage inflammation via suppressing TRL4/NF-κB pathway (Wang et al, 2020). Fucoidan may also have potential effect on macrophage inflammation (Yin et al, 2019b).…”

Astragaloside IV Exerts Cognitive Benefits and Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Stroke Mice by Downregulating Interleukin-17 Expression via Wnt Pathway

“…NSCs were cultured in Neurobasal medium supplemented with 2% B27, 1% N2, 2% Gln, 20 ng/ml recombinant murine epidermal growth factor (EGF, Peprotech, Cat# 315-09), and 20 ng/ml recombinant murine fibroblast growth-basic factor (FGF, Peprotech, Cat# 450-33) for 7-10 days (Homayouni-Moghadam et al, 2018). To observe NSCs proliferation under different conditions, recombinant mouse IL-17A (IL-17A, Novoprotein, Shanghai, China, Cat# CX14) 1 ng/ ml, recombinant mouse IL-17F (IL-17F, Novoprotein, Shanghai, China, Cat# CC11) 1 ng/ml, 100 nM As IV (Haiyan et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2020), or the 5 ml/ml PLDK CMV G&PR U6 Wnt2 virus (Wnt2, Neuron biotech, Lenti-3206-GR749) (Williams et al, 2016) were used, according to the product introduction. The morphology and growth feature of the NSCs were observed and taken pictures by inverted microscope after 3 days' treatment, and collected for immunochemistry staining and western blots.…”