Combination of supercritical carbon dioxide and ionic liquid in a novel assembly of carvacrol

Current Pretreatment Technologies for the Development of Cellulosic Ethanol and Biorefineries

“…Supercritical carbon dioxide has been considered a weak solvent; however, it has been demonstrated that the reaction and extraction with such a solvent results in a very selective process . Due to its properties, CO 2 has gained special importance as a solvent for the pretreatment of biomass .…”

A Multiphase Protocol for Selective Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid with Integrated Catalyst Recovery

“…[7] Other MP systemsb ased on mutuallyinsoluble solvents have been applied to the acid-catalyzed dehydrationo fm ono-, di-, and polysaccharides in water/ DMSO solutions in the presence of hydrophobic organic solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-hexane, and others, acting as extractants of products, [8] and to the hydrolytic breakdown of dimethylfuranf or the synthesis of 2,5-hexanedione. [12] Examples have been described for the extraction of HMF obtained by the dehydration of sugars, [13] the recovery of carvacrol derived from the hydrogenation of carvone, [14] the purification of phenolics from the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, [15] and the recoveryo fc ellulose from [EMIm][DEP]/ DMF solutions ( [EMIm][DEP] = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate). [10,11] Such systems weres uccessfully used to confine reacting substrates and catalysts in the IL phase, whereas the products were recovered by compressed CO 2 (Scheme 1).…”

“…[10,11] Such systems weres uccessfully used to confine reacting substrates and catalysts in the IL phase, whereas the products were recovered by compressed CO 2 (Scheme 1). [12] Examples have been described for the extraction of HMF obtained by the dehydration of sugars, [13] the recovery of carvacrol derived from the hydrogenation of carvone, [14] the purification of phenolics from the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, [15] and the recoveryo fc ellulose from [EMIm][DEP]/ DMF solutions ( [EMIm][DEP] = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate). [16] At 60-150 8Ca nd 15-35 bar H 2 ,t wo model reactions of levulinic acid (LA), hydrogenation and reductive amination with cyclohexylamine, were explored in am ultiphases ystem composed of an aqueous solution of reactants, ah ydrocarbon, and commercial 5% Ru/C as ah eterogeneous catalyst.…”

Environmentally Benign Transformations of Monoterpenes and Monoterpenoids in Supercritical Fluids

“…It was subsequently found that ionic liquid [bmim] [NTf 2 ] can be used to extract carvacrol 63 from the reaction mixture obtained by hydrogenation of carvone 61 over Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst under high-pressure conditions [66]. The recovery of carvacrol 63 from the ionic liquid phase was performed using CO 2 extraction.…”