Combination of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma arising from a giant verruca vulgaris involving the eyelid

Abstract

Purpose Verruca Vulgaris is a common benign cutaneous lesion which only reported occasionally to have malignant potential. Our purpose is to report a rare case of verruca vulgaris involving the eyelid and subsequently transformed into the combination of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Observations We reported a case of a 97-year-old female with a chronic biopsy proven verruca vulgaris involving the left lateral canthus. She presented with pain and swelling 5 years after the biopsy. Physical examination showed a painful warty crushed growth mass surrounded by erythematous skin changes, sized 40 × 40mm. Excisional biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma and a microscopic focus of basal cell carcinoma. Conclusions and importance Our case demonstrates the oncogenic potential of verruca vulgaris into the combination of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma within one lesion. Size, chronicity and UV radiation may increase the risk of malignancy. Early surgical excision should be considered in eyelid involving chronic verruca vulgaris.

Basal cell carcinoma: Comprehensive clinical and histopathological aspects, novel imaging tools and therapeutic approaches (Review)

“…The skin is the largest organ of the human body and it is the site from which various types of tumors may arise, from benign ones, such as seborrheic keratosis, nevi and spiradenomas (some of which are considered even precursor lesions for their malignant counterparts) to malignant masses, such as basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), melanomas or spiradenocarcinomas. BCCs are one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with skin involvement, being part of non-melanoma skin cancers, alongside SCCs, with which it can coexist in the same lesion, evolving at the site of a burn scar, or even from a benign tumor-like lesion, such as a verruca vulgaris (1)(2)(3)(4). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), BCCs represent malignant tumors which have originated from basal cells found in the inter-follicular epidermis or in the hair follicle.…”

Rare Report Case of Oral Verruca Vulgaris on Torus Palatinus

“…15 Verruca vulgaris on extraoral regions such as the eyelid have also been reported with malignant change into a combination of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. 16 The benign nature of OVV should not be taken for granted, prompt excisional biopsies are warranted to prevent any potential for malignant change. In this case, concomitant torectomy was done to reduce recurrence, this is based on the belief that trauma to the torus was how HPV inoculated the overlying palatal mucosa.…”

“…15 Verruca vulgaris on extraoral regions such as the eyelid have also been reported with malignant change into a combination of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. 16 …”

Evaluation of risk in chronic cutaneous inflammatory conditions for malignant transformation

“…A third is that a common progenitor cell underwent dual differentiation 135 . There are even fewer reports of SCC developing in BCCs, with one case report of a combination SCC and BCC arising in a verrucous lesion on the eyelid 136 . Overall, the risk of BCC transforming to other cutaneous cancers is low.…”

“…The first is the "interaction" theory of BCC creating an environment with increased cytokines and growth factors conducive to the development of a secondary melanoma. 134 Another is a field cancer phenomenon in which carcinogenic environmental exposure, such as UV, primed the area to develop two cancers. A third is that a common progenitor cell underwent dual differentiation.…”