Combination of polyetherketoneketone scaffold and human mesenchymal stem cells from temporomandibular joint synovial fluid enhances bone regeneration

Abstract

Therapies using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds are a promising strategy for bone grafting. But the harvest of MSCs still remains invasive for patients. Human synovial fluid MSCs (hSF-MSCs), which can be obtained by a minimally invasive needle-aspiration procedure, have been used for cartilage repair. However, little is known of hSF-MSCs in bone regeneration. Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is an attractive bone scaffold due to its mechanical properties comparable to bone. In this study, 3D-printed PEKK scaffolds were fabricated using laser sintering technique. hSF-MSCs were characterized and cultured on PEKK to evaluate their cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic potential. Rabbit calvarial critical-sized bone defects were created to test the bone regenerative effect of PEKK with hSF-MSCs. In vitro results showed that hSF-MSCs attached, proliferated, and were osteogenic on PEKK. In vivo results indicated that PEKK seeded with hSF-MSCs regenerated twice the amount of newly formed bone when compared to PEKK seeded with osteogenically-induced hSF-MSCs or PEKK scaffolds alone. These results suggested that there was no need to induce hSF-MSCs into osteoblasts prior to their transplantations in vivo. In conclusion, the combined use of PEKK and hSF-MSCs was effective in regenerating critical-sized bone defects.

Scaffolds of Macroporous Tannin Spray With Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

“…XRD analysis used in order to verify the leaching of PEGPs from cement scaffolds. Thus, PEG interactions of PEG and PTSDP are poorly characterized ( Natarajan et al, 2012 ; Vu et al, 2015 ; Lin et al, 2019 ). Figures 1A–L show that PEG can reduce the particle size of PTSDP 100-fold (584 to 6 μm in diameter) and affect the properties of PTSDP particles when as little as 0.4% is adsorbed onto the surface which is directly adsorb onto the surface of PTSDP particles.…”

Tissue engineering applications in otolaryngology—The state of translation

“…Heatmap representing the proportion of publications by year that utilized specific translational research methodologies from construct characterization to human trial to investigate craniofacial tissue engineering 49‐72,74‐77,79,81‐84,145‐197 …”

The Applications of 3D Printing for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering

“…The manufacturing strategy, however, is not much different from that of PCL scaffolds. Higher performance polymers like PEKK have also been successfully printed by SLS technique [25,26] and introduced in the application of the craniofacial area [27,28].…”

“…PEKK is by far a material with the most advantageous performance in the PEAKs family. The PEKK printed by SLS platforms have showed desirable mechanical properties, great biocompatibility, and osteointegration in a craniofacial bone defect model in vivo [18,27,28]. As a promising 3D printing material for bone tissue engineering, more evidence of success is needed for future applications.…”