Combination of insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF binding protein-3, chromogranin A and prostate specific antigen can improve the detection of prostate cancer

Abstract

Aim: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent male cancer worldwide and designated the sixth most frequent male cancer in Arab countries. Although prostate specific antigen (PSA) has become the best and most valuable biomarker for screening of PCa, elevated levels of PSA can reflect the presence of malignant cells but can overlap with benign prostatic diseases. There is a necessity to develop and improve current tools for early detection and diagnosis of PCa. This study was done to evaluate the validation of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), chromogranin A (CgA) and combination with PSA in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa patients. Methods: The study included 72 patients with PCa, 70 BPH patients and 56 healthy male subjects of matched age. Full history and clinical data were recorded for all subjects. Results: Serum PSA attained sensitivity of 84% at 82% specificity with an accuracy of 83%, although IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and CgA did not recognize PCa patients. Conclusion: Combinations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 biomarkers with PSA were effectively differentiated between PCa and control groups as well as improving the overall value of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of PCa to 85% and 86% for IGF-1/PSA and IGFP-3/PSA respectively. Key words:Prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF binding protein-3, chromogranin A ABSTRACTArticle history:

Insulin-like growth factor family and prostate cancer: new insights and emerging opportunities

“…A high IGF-I to IGFBP-3 ratio was linked with an increased risk of prostate cancer and could be used as a predictor for prostate cancer development (168). On the other hand, another study by Saleh SAK et al reported that changes in the serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were not considered pre-diagnostic risk factors for prostate cancer development (142). Besides, serum levels of total PSA and free/total PSA ratio were found to be higher in prostate cancer patients (142).…”

“…IGFBP-3 is the most prevalent form of the IGFBPs, which has been linked with prostatic growth. The majority of serum and prostatic IGF-I binds to IGFBP-3, thus regulating its concentrations ( 142 ). IGFBP-3 was identified to have anti-tumor effects by regulating multiple processes such as adhesion, motility, proliferation, and invasion of prostate cancer cells ( 143 ).…”

“…On the other hand, another study by Saleh SAK et al. reported that changes in the serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were not considered pre-diagnostic risk factors for prostate cancer development ( 142 ). Besides, serum levels of total PSA and free/total PSA ratio were found to be higher in prostate cancer patients ( 142 ).…”

“…reported that changes in the serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were not considered pre-diagnostic risk factors for prostate cancer development ( 142 ). Besides, serum levels of total PSA and free/total PSA ratio were found to be higher in prostate cancer patients ( 142 ). Also, PSA and IGF-II showed the power of prognosis and differentiation between prostate cancer and BPH ( 169 ).…”