Combination of Conventional and Endotoxin-Specific Limulus Tests for Measurement of Polysaccharides in Sera of Rabbits with Experimental Systemic Candidiasis.

Miyazaki, Tatsuya; Kohno, Shigeru; Mitsutake, Kotaro; Yamada, Hiroshi; Yasuoka, Akira; Maesaki, Shigefumi; Kaku, Mitsuo; Koga, Hironobu; Hara, Kohei

doi:10.1620/tjem.168.1

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ikegami et al (4) reported a rise in the fungal index in patients with candidiasis. Results from our laboratory confirmed that differences between titers measured by the two tests were higher in culture supernatants of C. albicans (12), plasma of rabbits with systemic candidiasis (12), and plasma of patients with candidemia (3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Comparison between Wako-WB003 and Fungitec G tests for detection of (1→3)-β-D-glucan in systemic mycosis

Hossain

Miyazaki

Mitsutake

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Comparison between Wako-WB003 and Fungitec G tests for detection of (1→3)-β-D-glucan in systemic mycosis

Hossain

Miyazaki

Mitsutake

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

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“…Thus, the difference in titers between the conventional Limulus test and the endotoxin-specific test is a useful, although indirect, indicator for detecting (133)-␤-Dglucan. We have reported previously that the conventional Limulus test reacts with both curdlan [linear (133)-␤-D-glucan] and culture supernatants of Candida albicans (15). We also demonstrated that the difference in titers between the two Limulus tests, termed the fungal index (6), increases in a rabbit model of systemic candidiasis (15) and in patients with candidiasis (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

Plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and fungal antigenemia in patients with candidemia, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis

et al. 1995

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␤-D-Glucan is one of the major structural components of fungi, and it seems that it can be detected by the fractionated (133)-␤-D-glucan-sensitive component from a Limulus lysate, factor G. We evaluated the concentration of (133)-␤-D-glucan by using factor G and other fungal antigens in 24 patients with clinical evidence of mycosis and 36 healthy subjects. The mean concentration of (133)-␤-D-glucan in the plasma of the healthy subjects was found to be 2.7 ؎ 1.9 pg/ml (range, <6.9 pg/ml), and it was found to be substantially higher in all 11 patients with candidemia (mean, 2,207.4 pg/ml; range, 325.4 to 8,449.0 pg/ml). Eight of those 11 patients with candidemia (73%) were positive for the Cand-Tec heat-labile candida antigen and only 3 patients (27%) were positive for mannan antigen. Three patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis were positive for galactomannan and had, in addition, high concentrations of (133)-␤-D-glucan (mean, 323.3 pg/ml; range, 27.0 to 894.0 pg/ml). All 10 patients with cryptococcosis (including 2 patients with probable cryptococcosis) were positive for cryptococcal antigen by the Eiken latex test; however, (133)-␤-D-glucan levels were not elevated in these patients (mean, 7.0 pg/ml; range, <16.5 pg/ml). Our results indicated that (133)-␤-D-glucan levels are elevated in patients with candidiasis and aspergillosis but not in those with cryptococcosis.

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“…As shown in the present study, factor G reacted with fungal cell suspension, and the conventional limulus test was useless to demonstrate contamination with endotoxin in yeast cell suspension. To improve the specificity of the conventional limulus test against endotoxin, Obayashi et al (5,6) developed an endotoxin-specific assay devoid of the limulus factor G. The endotoxin-specific chromogenic limulus test reacts only with endotoxin, and not with (1+3)-P-D-glucan (5,6) or culture supernatants of C. albicans (3). Therefore, the endotoxin-specific limulus test is the only method that can verify contamination with endotoxin in yeast cell suspensions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(1↠3)‐β‐D‐Glucan in culture fluid of fungi activates factor g, a limulus coagulation factor

Miyazaki

Kohno

Mitsutake

et al. 1995

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Two well-known polysaccharides, (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and mannan, are major structural components of the fungus cell wall. The G test is a direct method to measure (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan using a (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan-sensitive component, factor G, fractionated from the limulus lysate. The concentration of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in culture supernatants of Candida albicans increased to 1,390.0 pg/ml at 24 hours. The concentration of mannan also increased parallel with fungal growth. However, after digestion of supernatants with endo-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucanase, the reactivity to factor G disappeared, although titers of antimannan monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination were unchanged. Our study demonstrated that cell suspensions of both C. albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans activated the limulus factor G, and that not only the conidia form but also the filamentous form of Aspergillus fumigatus reacted with factor G. Various Candida spp. (C. paraspilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula rubra, Trichosporon beigelii, and A. fumigatus released soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan into their culture supernatants, but C. neoformans and Cunninghamella bertholletiae showed only a small reaction to the G test during their culture. Our results indicate that the G test is a good method for serodiagnosis of deep mycosis and also as a screening tool for contamination of medical devices, drugs, and experimental materials with (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan.

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Combination of Conventional and Endotoxin-Specific Limulus Tests for Measurement of Polysaccharides in Sera of Rabbits with Experimental Systemic Candidiasis.

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison between Wako-WB003 and Fungitec G tests for detection of (1→3)-β-D-glucan in systemic mycosis

Comparison between Wako-WB003 and Fungitec G tests for detection of (1→3)-β-D-glucan in systemic mycosis

Plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and fungal antigenemia in patients with candidemia, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis

(1↠3)‐β‐D‐Glucan in culture fluid of fungi activates factor g, a limulus coagulation factor

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