Combination effect of cold atmospheric plasma with green synthesized zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the treatment of melanoma cancer model

Abstract

Green synthesized zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) have high potential in cancer therapy. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is also an emerging biomedical technique that has great potential to cure cancer. Therefore, the combined effect of CAP and nZVI might be promising in treatment of cancer. In this study, we evaluated the combined effect of CAP and nZVI on the metabolic activity of the surviving cells and induction of apoptosis in malignant melanoma in comparison with normal cells. Therefore, the effect of various time exposure of CAP radiation, different doses of nZVI, and the combined effect of CAP and nZVI were evaluated on the viability of malignant melanoma cells (B16-F10) and normal fibroblast cells (L929) at 24 h after treatment using MTT assay. Then, the effect of appropriate doses of each treatment on apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry with Annexin/PI staining. In addition, the expression of BAX, BCL2 and Caspase 3 (CASP3) was also assayed. The results showed although the combined effect of CAP and nZVI significantly showed cytotoxic effects and apoptotic activity on cancer cells, this treatment had no more effective compared to CAP or nZVI alone. In addition, evaluation of gene expression showed that combination therapy didn’t improve expression of apoptotic genes in comparison with CAP or nZVI. In conclusion, combined treatment of CAP and nZVI does not seem to be able to improve the effect of monotherapy of CAP or nZVI. It may be due to the resistance of cancer cells to high ROS uptake or the accumulation of saturated ROS in cells, which prevents the intensification of apoptosis.

Retraction: Combination effect of cold atmospheric plasma with green synthesized zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the treatment of melanoma cancer model

“…The Fig 3A L929 CAP panel of [ 1 ] appears similar to the Fig 3A L929 Control panel of [ 2 ] when rotated 180 degrees and to the Fig 1 Untreated L929 panel of [ 3 ] when rotated 180 degrees.…”

Personalized Plasma Medicine for Cancer: Transforming Treatment Strategies with Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning Approaches

“…To achieve personalized treatment, CAP is emerging as a promising approach, as the parameters of the plasma device can be fine-tuned during the treatment to suit the patient's specific dosage. CAP has been shown to reprogram the tumor microenvironment [143][144][145], inhibit tumor growth with high selectivity, and even enhance the effectiveness of other treatment modalities like chemotherapy [146][147][148][149], immunotherapy [150,151], radiotherapy [152][153][154][155], and nanomedicine [156][157][158][159][160] with improved treatment outcomes and minimized sideeffects [161]. The self-adaptive nature of the adaptive plasma system complements the power of ML.…”

Personalized Plasma Medicine for Cancer: Transforming Treatment Strategies with Mathematical Modeling and AI Algorithms

“…To achieve personalized treatment, with CAP is emerging as a promising approach as the parameters of the plasma device can be fine-tuned during the treatment to suit the patient's specific dosage. CAP has shown to reprogram the tumor microenvironment [140][141][142] inhibiting tumor growth with high selectivity and even enhancing the effectiveness of other treatment modalities like chemotherapy [143][144][145][146], immunotherapy [147,148], radiotherapy [149][150][151][152], and nanomedicine [153][154][155][156] with improved treatment outcomes and minimized side-effects [157]. The self-adaptive nature of the adaptive plasma system complements the power of AI.…”