Combination cone penetration resistance/water content instrumentation to evaluate cone penetration–water content relationships in tillage research

Lapen, David R.; Topp, G. C.; Edwards, Martin B.; Gregorich, E.G.; Curnoe, W. E.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2004.03.023

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Bulk density is particularly easy to measure, but PR is a more direct method for assessing soil strength and resistance to root growth (Bengough and Mullins, 1990;Lapen et al, 2004). Penetration resistance is directly influenced by water potential, and their relationship changes depending on soil management.…”

Section: Potential Soil Physical Quality Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Laboratory-Measured Soil Properties as Indicators of Soil Physical Quality

Moebius¹,

Es²,

Schindelbeck³

et al. 2007

Soil Science

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Routine soil analyses provide an approach for assessment and monitoring of soil quality and targeted implementation of management practices, but suitable indicators are mostly undefined. We used three long-term experiments on several soil types where maize (Zea mays L.) was grown under different tillage (no till and plow till), rotation (continuous maize and maize after grass), and harvesting (silage and grain) methods to identify suitable indicators for evaluating soil physical quality. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected, and laboratory-based analyses were performed for water-stable aggregation, saturated hydraulic conductivity, several pore size parameters, penetration resistance at A = j10 MPa, and bulk density. Sensitivity to management, expense of measurement, measurement consistency, and relevance to critical physical soil processes were used as criteria to evaluate indicator suitability. Indicators varied significantly seasonally and by soil type, and several showed significant differences and trends between management treatments. Small water-stable aggregates (0.25-2 mm) showed the most consistent and significant treatment differences. Bulk density, available water capacity, and air-filled pores at field capacity (PO 9 30) were also related to treatment effects and had low variability. Penetration resistance and effective porosity (PO 9 0.2) were not sensitive to management practices, whereas aeration pores and saturated hydraulic conductivity were too variable to use as indicators. Several indicators measured on undisturbed cores may be predicted from those measured from disturbed samples using pedotransfer functions. Small water-stable aggregates (0.25-2 mm), available water capacity, bulk density, and PO 9 30 appear most promising as indicators for routine evaluation and monitoring of soil physical quality. (Soil Science 2007;172:895-912)

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Section: Potential Soil Physical Quality Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Laboratory-Measured Soil Properties as Indicators of Soil Physical Quality

Moebius¹,

Es²,

Schindelbeck³

et al. 2007

Soil Science

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“…The PR variability has often been correlated to spatial (Utset & Cid, 2001;Silva et al, 2004;Souza, et al, 2006) and temporal changes (Genro Junior et al, 2004;Lapen et al, 2004). However, the non-controlled variability affects both the test performance used for data analysis and the planning of the experimental design (Stork et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the variability in soil penetration resistance for statistical analysis

Gubiani¹,

Reichert

Reinert

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYSoil penetration resistance (PR) is a measure of soil compaction closely related to soil structure and plant growth. However, the variability in PR hampers the statistical analyses. This study aimed to evaluate the variability of soil PR on the efficiency of parametric and nonparametric analyses in indentifying significant effects of soil compaction and to classify the coefficient of variation of PR into low, medium, high and very high. On six dates, the PR of a typical dystrophic Red Ultisol under continuous no-tillage for 16 years was measured. Three tillage and/ or traffic conditions were established with the application of: (i) no chiseling or additional traffic, (ii) additional compaction, and (iii) chiseling. On each date, the nineteen PR data (measured at every 1.5 cm to a depth of 28.5 cm) were grouped in layers with different thickness. In each layer, the treatment effects were evaluated by variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis analyses in a completely randomized design, and the coefficients of variation of all analyses were classified (low, intermediate, high and very high). The ANOVA performed better in discriminating the compaction effects, but the rejection rate of null hypothesis decreased from 100 to 80 % when the coefficient of variation increased from 15 to 26 %.

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“…Using such a combined penetrometer across several treatments and over the entire growing season, Lapen, Topp, Edwards, Gregorich, and Curnoe (2004) found that a single CI versus water content relationship may only hold for specific time periods depending on cultivation practices and rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the soil penetration resistance along a transect to determine the loosening depth

et al. 2006

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of soil strength (measured as cone index, CI) along a 600 m transect and to determine the soil loosening depth necessary to eliminate zones with soil strengths exceeding a threshold value down to a depth of 0.6 m. The transect was located at a site in a glacial drift area which was characterised by sandy deposits overlying boulder clay. A tractor-mounted multi-penetrometer array consisting of four hydraulically driven single vertical penetrometers was used to determine CI at 1-m sampling intervals as a measure of penetration resistance. The spatial fluctuation of the CI readings in general and that of repeatedly averaged readings along the transect was examined. Furthermore, the relationships between the penetration resistance of several soil layers and the relationships between the CI of single penetrometers were identified. Averaged CI values over 5-m intervals were used to determine the depth of soil loosening required. By using various data sub-sets based on the averaged data of the four array mounted penetrometers and simulating several different sampling intervals, treatment intervals and threshold values of soil strength, a sampling interval of about 10 m proved to be sufficiently accurate to determine the loosening depth required.

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Combination cone penetration resistance/water content instrumentation to evaluate cone penetration–water content relationships in tillage research

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Laboratory-Measured Soil Properties as Indicators of Soil Physical Quality

Evaluation of Laboratory-Measured Soil Properties as Indicators of Soil Physical Quality

Implications of the variability in soil penetration resistance for statistical analysis

Evaluation of the soil penetration resistance along a transect to determine the loosening depth

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