Combinação de drogas antiparasitárias como uma alternativa para o controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais multirresistentes em ovinos

Cezar, Alfredo Skrebsky; Ribas, Henrique Olmedo; Pivoto, Felipe Lamberti; Sangioni, Luís Antônio; Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flôres

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2011000200010

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A justificativa para a utilização de 100mg/kg de triclorfon por animal, se deve ao fato de que esta é a dose recomendada em bula da formulação em questão, bem como a utilizada em pesquisas científicas em camundongos (Salazar 2011) e também em ovinos (Cezar et al 2011, Chagas et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Intoxicação aguda por triclorfon em caprinos tratados com a dose terapêutica

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(2):114-118, fevereiro 2014 114 RESUMO.-O presente estudo descreve um surto de intoxicação por triclorfon em caprinos, que receberam pela via oral, a dosagem terapêutica do princípio ativo em questão (100mg/kg), provenientes da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, campus de Umuarama, PR. Cinquenta e três ovinos foram tratados com a mesma formulação/solução e não se observou nenhum efeito colateral nos animais referente ao tratamento com triclorfon. Das 20 cabras medicadas, cerca de 40 minutos após a administração do triclorfon, oito apresentaram os clássicos sinais clínicos de ataxia, decúbito externo-lateral, sialorreia, tremores, constrição das pupilas, dispneia com ruídos, micção e defecação involuntária, paresia espástica, timpanismo e lacrimejamento. Quase que imediatamente após a detecção destes sinais, as oito cabras foram medicadas com sulfato de atropina 1% 0,5mg/kg mais fluidoterapia. Cinco destes animais tiveram de receber nova dosagem de sulfato de atropina uma hora após a primeira aplicação, em função de alguns sinais clí-nicos, como tremores musculares, ainda estarem presentes. De 48 a 72 horas após a administração do triclorfon, três destes cinco animais vieram a óbito. Na necropsia, foi possível observar mucosas cianóticas, congestão de fígado, The present study describes an outbreak of trichlorfon poisoning in goats from the State University of Maringá, campus Umuarama/PR that received orally the therapeutic dose of the active ingredient in question (100mg/kg). Fifty-three sheep had been treated with the same formulation/solution and no side effects were observed in any of these sheep medicated with triclorfon. But from 20 goats medicated with trichlorfon, eight goats showed, about 40 minutes after its administration, the classic clinical signs of ataxia, external lateral decubitus, drooling, tremors, constricted pupils, noisy dyspnea, involuntary urination and defecation, spastic paresis, bloat and tearing. Almost immediately after the detection of these signals, eight goats were medicated with 1% atropine sulfate (0.5mg/kg and fluid). Five of these goats received a second dose of atropine sulfate one hour after the first application because of some clinical signs such as muscle tremor still being present. Forty-eight to 72 hours after administration of trichlorfon, three of those five goats died. At necropsy we observed cyanotic mucous membranes, congestion of liver, spleen, kidneys and mesenteric vessels, filled gallbladder, emphysema, and reddish lungs. The results of this study call attention to the outbreak that occurred in adult goats in good clinical conditions and, above all, that they received the therapeutic dosage recommended on the manufacture label. This suggests a higher sensitivity of the species to the recommended dose of trichlorfon (100mg/kg) for goats.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Intoxicação aguda por triclorfon em caprinos tratados com a dose terapêutica

et al. 2014

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“…Given that the main classes of anthelmintics did not reduce the EPG of treated calves, combinations of active compounds were administered as an alternative treatment approach ( Bartram et al., 2012 ). Similar to the results of a study performed by Cezar et al. (2011) in sheep, two-drug combinations of anthelmintics were tested on cattle herds in the present work based on previous tests of the efficacy of single drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The low efficacy of each single drug and the presence of multi-drug resistant gastrointestinal nematodes infecting cattle are major problems that prevent adequate anthelmintic control at the farms evaluated in this study. Thus, more sustainable strategies of anthelmintic control in ruminants are required to overcome the problem of multi-drug resistance ( Cezar et al., 2011 , Geary et al., 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of beef cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Ramos

Portella

Rodrigues

et al. 2016

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Gastrointestinal nematodes resistant to anthelmintics have been reported in several regions of Brazil, and they may be associated with economic losses for the cattle industry. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes from naturally infected beef cattle to several commercially available anthelmintics, as well as to test the efficacy of combinations of anthelmintics against multi-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes. Ten farms located in Rio Grande do Sul state were selected by: farmers' consent; extensive raising system; availability of calves aged from 7 to 9 months naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes; absence of anthelmintic treatment for 60 days before the study; and presence of 70–100 calves or more of both genders with ≥200 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) (sensitivity of 50 EPG). These calves were distributed into 10 groups (of 7–10 animals) per farm and treated with ivermectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, fenbendazole, closantel, nitroxynil, disophenol, levamisole, albendazole, or moxidectin. Feces were collected 2 days before treatment and 14 days after treatment. Additional groups of 7–10 calves were used to test six different two-drug combinations at four of the studied farms. In general terms, fenbendazole was the most effective drug, followed by levamisole, disophenol, and moxidectin. However, parasite resistance to multiple drugs was found in all herds, especially in the genera Cooperia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., and Haemonchus spp.. Some of the two-drug combinations were effective against nematode populations identified as resistant to the same compounds when used as single drugs. The most effective combinations were moxidectin + levamisole, doramectin + fenbendazole, and levamisole + closantel. In this study, parasites resistant to the main commercially available anthelmintics were found in all herds, and some combinations of two active components belonging to different chemical groups were effective against multi-drug resistant gastrointestinal nematodes.

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“…Products with combinations of active ingredients exhibited higher efficiency levels, with more than 75% of the samples (25 th percentile) ranging from 80% to 100% effectiveness, for the products cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos + citronella, ethion + cypermethrin, citronella + cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos + piperonyl butoxide and chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin (Table 1, Figure 2). These results indicate the importance of using a combination of active agents to obtain satisfactory efficiency in areas where the parasite is resistant to the active agent in isolation, as has also been recommended for controlling other parasites that have multiple resistance (CEZAR et al, 2011). However, this must be conducted with the support of epidemiological information, farm management and previous results from acaricidal efficacy tests, thereby avoiding the onset of resistance to all commercial products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: multiresistant tick

Machado

Pivoto

Ferreira

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of the present study was to assess the acaricide resistance of tick populations in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), which has not previously been reported. Fifty-four cattle farms were visited and specimens of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were collected and subjected to the adult immersion test, using nine commercial acaricides in the amidine, pyrethroid and organophosphate groups. Climatic data, including monthly precipitation, were recorded. The results from the present study demonstrated that seven of the acaricides analyzed presented mean efficacy values of less than 95%, with large differences among the products tested. Nine of them exhibited satisfactory and unsatisfactory acaricide results on at least one farm. In conclusion, the farms located in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, exhibited populations of R. (Boophilus) microplus with variable degrees of susceptibility to different acaricides, thus suggesting that resistance to the active compounds exists. It is suggested that treatment protocols should be implemented at the beginning of winter and summer, using the acaricides that showed efficacy in the adult immersion test.Keywords: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, climatic variation, acaricide resistance, efficacy test. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi o de aferir a situação da resistência dos produtos acaricidas utilizados no controle de carrapatos de bovinos, na mesorregião centro-ocidental rio-grandense. Para isso, cinquenta e quatro propriedades foram visitadas, e as teleóginas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus foram coletadas e submetidas ao teste de eficácia acaricida in vitro, sendo utilizados nove produtos comerciais, pertencentes às classes químicas das amidinas, piretroides e organofosforados. Além disso, os dados das temperaturas máximas e mínimas médias e da precipitação acumulada foram compilados no período estudado. Os resultados demonstraram que sete produtos analisados apresentaram eficácia inferior a 95%, com grande disparidade dos resultados. Nove produtos testados apresentaram satisfatória e não satisfatória eficácia em pelo menos uma propriedade analisada. Neste contexto, concluiu-se que as propriedades da mesorregião centro-ocidental rio-grandense apresentam cepas de R. (B.) microplus com graus variáveis de susceptibilidade a diferentes acaricidas, sugerindo, assim, que a resistência aos princípios ativos existe. Sugere-se a adoção de protocolos de tratamento acaricida no início do inverno e do verão, com a escolha do produto a ser utilizado baseado nos resultados do teste de eficácia acaricida.Palavras-chave: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, alterações climáticas, resistência acaricida, teste de eficácia.

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Combinação de drogas antiparasitárias como uma alternativa para o controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais multirresistentes em ovinos

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Intoxicação aguda por triclorfon em caprinos tratados com a dose terapêutica

Intoxicação aguda por triclorfon em caprinos tratados com a dose terapêutica

Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of beef cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the western-central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: multiresistant tick

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