Combi-protein coated microcrystals of lipases for production of biodiesel from oil from spent coffee grounds

Abstract

Background: Replacing chemical catalysts with biocatalysts is a widely recognized goal of white biotechnology. For biocatalytic processes requiring low water containing media, enzymes for example commercial preparations of lipases, show low catalytic efficiencies. Some high activity preparations for addressing this concern have been described. Protein coated microcrystals (PCMC) constitute one such preparation. The present work describes a Combi-PCMC for synthesis of biodiesel from the oil extracted from spent coffee grounds. Results: Different lipases were screened for biodiesel synthesis from crude coffee oil out of which Novozym 435 gave the best conversion of 60% in 4 h. Optimization of reaction conditions i.e. % water, temperature and purification of coffee oil further enhanced conversion upto 88% in 24 h. A mixture of Novozym 435 and a cheap commercially available 1,3-specific lipase RMIM (from Mucor miehei) was used in different ratios and 1:1 was found to be the best trade-off between conversion and cost. The commercial preparations then were replaced by a novel biocatalyst design called Combi-Protein coated microcrystals (Combi-PCMC) wherein CAL B and Palatase were co-immobilized with K 2 SO 4 as the core and this performed equivalent to the commercial preparations giving 83% conversion in 48 h.

Enzyme promiscuity: using the dark side of enzyme specificity in white biotechnology

“…The case of glycerol is especially relevant in the context of white biotechnology as massive amounts of glycerol are generated during biodiesel production and hence fits in well with the biorefinery concept. The biodiesel as such can be obtained from wastes and can be a good example of waste valorization [35][36][37] [ Figure 2]. Many of the above mentioned solvents also, in principle, can be obtained from non food biomass or waste food materials [35].…”

“…Novozym 435 + RMIM = 1:3 (Black bars); 12.5 mg of enzyme Novozym 435 (enzyme load being 2.5% w/w of oil) and 37.5 mg of enzyme RMIM (enzyme load being 7.5% w/w of oil) was added. [Reproduced from Ref [37] with permission from Chemistry Central]. economy.…”

Enzymatic Biodiesel Synthesis From Acid Oil Using a Lipase Mixture

“…There are several reports in which mixtures of different types of lipases were used successfully to catalyze transesterification and interesterification reactions. 4,[6][7][8][9][10] About 75% of the biodiesel produced in Brazil is derived from soybean oil. However, in Brazil, there are other sources of vegetable oils, like Jatropha curcas, Acrocomia aculeate, and palm oils that are interesting for biodiesel production, as they have higher productivity compared with soybean oil.…”

Valorisation of food waste to biofuel: current trends and technological challenges

“…Simultaneously, it is crucial to develop environmental friendly and cost effective recycling methods that can convert food wastes into biofuels and chemicals [24][25][26]. Recently, combi-protein coated microcrystals of lipases are used for the production of biodiesel from oil of spent coffee grounds [27]. In this regard, both chemo-and biocatalytic methods can be explored for the preparation of biofuels from food waste [27][28][29][30][31].…”

“…Recently, combi-protein coated microcrystals of lipases are used for the production of biodiesel from oil of spent coffee grounds [27]. In this regard, both chemo-and biocatalytic methods can be explored for the preparation of biofuels from food waste [27][28][29][30][31].…”