“…For example, in an attempt to diminish the severity of COVID-19, Trump floated a false idea that disinfectant injection helps cure COVID-19, which resulted in the deaths of some of his supporters who believed this misleading statement ( Yang & Tian, 2021 ). Therefore, the delivery of timely, factual, accurate, and transparent information should be assured, which helps the public establish facts, conform to advised health guidelines, reduce uncertainty, and empower self-resilience ( Lin et al, 2016 , Yang, 2021 ).…”