Combating Infection

Sheldon, Joanne E.

doi:10.1097/00152193-199401000-00010

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Most chemists will understand that an efficient use of feedstock requires avoiding the use of stoichiometric chemicals and improving the selectivity of conversion processes. This is in fact the basis of the atom-economy [5] and E-factor [6] metrics and it is included in the twelve principles of green chemistry. [7] However, chemists may less easily recognize what they can do to reduce the energy consumption of a manufacturing plant.…”

Section: Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, BASF developed the "eco-efficiency" and, later, "SEEBALANCE" tools to determine the sustainability of its processes and products. [4] This was followed by the development of new environmental metrics, for example, "atom economy" [5] and "E-Factor," [6] the publication of the twelve "principles of green chemistry" [7] and the "sustainable technology scorecard," [8] the development of the "cradle-to-cradle" concept, [9] and the launch of the European registration system "REACH." [10] These concepts and metrics partly overlap but are also complementary, thus making the field somewhat chaotic and confusing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing: A Matter of Resources, Wastes, Hazards, and Costs.

Lange

2009

ChemSusChem

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Sustainable development is gaining importance in the chemical industry. It encompasses social, environmental, and economical aspects. Herein, sustainable development is translated into four basic dimensions, called "sustainability stresses": resources, wastes, hazards, and costs. These sustainability stresses are discussed in some detail and their usefulness is illustrated by applying them to three manufacturing processes applied commercially by Shell, namely Shell's OMEGA, SMPO, and "low monol" technologies for producing ethene diol, styrene/propene oxide, and polyether polyols, respectively. These examples show that large reductions in sustainable stresses have been achieved in a few decades. They also show that the economical, environmental, and social issues are not in conflict when tackled at their roots: they can be all addressed simultaneously.

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Section: Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing: A Matter of Resources, Wastes, Hazards, and Costs.

Lange

2009

ChemSusChem

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“…The formation of a pure chemical product not only requires reactants, solvents, promoters and catalysts used in the reaction, but also other materials used for the work-up and for the purification steps. The Sheldon E factor [1–2] and the mass intensity MI [3–5], which are defined according to Eq. 1 and Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The weight of flash chromatography: A tool to predict its mass intensity from thin-layer chromatography

Pessel¹,

Augé

Billault³

et al. 2016

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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Purification by flash chromatography strongly impacts the greenness of a process. Unfortunately, due to the lack of the relevant literature data, very often this impact cannot be assessed thus preventing the comparison of the environmental factors affecting the syntheses. We developed a simple mathematical approach to evaluate the minimum mass intensity of flash chromatography from the retention factor values determined by thin-layer chromatography.

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“…The exercise of optimizing a chemical process is in fact doing green chemistry. In this vein, the well-known fundamental metrics developed to gauge individual reaction performance are atom economy (AE) [1] and E-factor [2]. The definitions of these metrics are based on positive and negative perspectives with respect to producing the desired target product, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A database tool for process chemists and chemical engineers to gauge the material and synthetic efficiencies of synthesis plans to industrially important targets

Andraos¹

2011

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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After 20 years of green chemistry research, a complete algorithm for the determination of material and synthetic strategy efficiencies for synthesis plans to any chemical target has been achieved. This paper presents the first announcement of a comprehensive database consisting of green metrics calculations for 1060 plans to 220 targets of interest to the chemical industry in the following categories: commodity industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, dyestuffs and colorants, natural products, flavorings, fragrances, and sweeteners, and molecules of theoretical interest. Data mining of the original literature covered the period 1828-2010. A summary of trends in achieving green chemistry strategies is presented, including an unbiased method of ranking plans using a suite of parameters, ring construction strategies, and implications on the development of new kinds of smart structure search databases. The take-home message is that targeted optimization is a multivariable problem that requires synergistic maximization and minimization of key variables. Problems in the reporting of chemical syntheses in scientific journals and patents are discussed as well as setting guidelines for their standardization and normalization. The merits of spreadsheet tools are presented from decision making in route selection all the way to fast and accurate proofreading of the final plan chosen.

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Combating Infection

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing: A Matter of Resources, Wastes, Hazards, and Costs.

Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing: A Matter of Resources, Wastes, Hazards, and Costs.

The weight of flash chromatography: A tool to predict its mass intensity from thin-layer chromatography

A database tool for process chemists and chemical engineers to gauge the material and synthetic efficiencies of synthesis plans to industrially important targets

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