Combating emerging infectious diseases in India: Orchestrating a symphony

Kant, Lalit

doi:10.1007/s12038-008-0061-4

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Together with maternal, perinatal and nutritional disorders, infectious diseases constitute 38% of the total deaths (predominantly in rural areas) [23]. Additionally emerging infections like Gp-B rota virus, nipah virus, and chandipura virus pose separate challenges [24]. Although disease trends for poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, neonatal tetanus, measles and HIV and AIDS in the country are decreasing, those for dengue, chikungunya, HIV and TB co-infections, cholera 0139, japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis and novel H1N1 infections are on the rise [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the core and support functions of the Integrated Disease Surveillance system in Maharashtra, India

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMonitoring the progress of the Integrated Disease Surveillance (IDS) strategy is an important component to ensure its sustainability in the state of Maharashtra in India. The purpose of the study was to document the baseline performance of the system on its core and support functions and to understand the challenges for its transition from an externally funded “project” to a state owned surveillance “program”.MethodsMulti-centre, retrospective cross-sectional evaluation study to assess the structure, core and support surveillance functions using modified WHO generic questionnaires. All 34 districts in the state and randomly identified 46 facilities and 25 labs were included in the study.ResultsCase definitions were rarely used at the periphery. Limited laboratory capacity at all levels compromised case and outbreak confirmation. Only 53% districts could confirm all priority diseases. Stool sample processing was the weakest at the periphery. Availability of transport media, trained staff, and rapid diagnostic tests were main challenges at the periphery. Data analysis was weak at both district and facility levels. Outbreak thresholds were better understood at facility level (59%) than at the district (18%). None of the outbreak indicator targets were met and submission of final outbreak report was the weakest. Feedback and training was significantly better (p < 0.0001) at district level (65%; 76%) than at facility level (15%; 37%). Supervision was better at the facility level (37%) than at district (18%) and so were coordination, communication and logistic resources. Contractual part time positions, administrative delays in recruitment, and vacancies (30%) were main human resource issues that hampered system performance.ConclusionsSignificant progress has been made in the core and support surveillance functions in Maharashtra, however some challenges exist. Support functions (laboratory, transport and communication equipment, training, supervision, human and other resources) are particularly weak at the district level. Structural integration and establishing permanent state and district surveillance officer positions will ensure leadership; improve performance; support continuity; and offer sustainability to the program. Institutionalizing the integrated disease surveillance strategy through skills based personnel development and infrastructure strengthening at district levels is the only way to avoid it from ending up isolated! Improving surveillance quality should be the next on agenda for the state.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the core and support functions of the Integrated Disease Surveillance system in Maharashtra, India

et al. 2013

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“…ICMR has a network of institutes devoted to specific infectious diseases and a chain of regional centers. In late 1990s the ICMR stepped up its funding in communicable diseases, accelerating research inputs for emerging infections Kant [4].…”

Section: Research and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Concept for Emerging of New Disease and Reemerging of Old Disease

Shukla¹,

Sharma²,

Tiwari³

2018

IJAWB

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“…However, population growth, urbanization, environmental pollution, climate change and movement of populations have been associated with a shift in geographical distribution and accelerated diffusion of old and new pathogens resulting in an increased number of outbreaks. Overcrowding, poor sanitation and water supply, poverty, breakdown of public health measures, changing ecosystems, human demographics and behavior, microbial adaptation and change, and international travel and trade also amplify transmission of infectious diseases [3][4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These outbreaks were zoonotic, and caused a person-to-person spread in hospital setting. High index of clinical suspicion, early laboratory diagnosis and institution of containment measures curtailed further spread of the disease [6]. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) takes a heavy toll in a few States of India, in children below the age of 10 years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monsoon maladies

Kamath

2015

Indian Pediatr

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Combating emerging infectious diseases in India: Orchestrating a symphony

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Assessment of the core and support functions of the Integrated Disease Surveillance system in Maharashtra, India

Assessment of the core and support functions of the Integrated Disease Surveillance system in Maharashtra, India

General Concept for Emerging of New Disease and Reemerging of Old Disease

Monsoon maladies

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