Comanche Linguistic Acculturation III

Casagrande, Joseph B.

doi:10.1086/464304

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Following Bright (1960, Sherzer (1976:219), Kroskrity (1982:68), and suggestions of others (e.g. Casagrande 1955:22, Miller 1978:615, Thomason & Kaufman 1988, I propose that degree of bilingualism positively influences extent of lexical borrowing. Historical circumstances strongly suggest that Spanish-influenced Native Americans typically have been more bilingual in their native languages and Spanish than Englishinfluenced Amerindians have been in their native languages and English (cf.…”

Section: Explanatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 90%

Lexical acculturation, areal diffusion, lingua francas, and bilingualism

Brown

1996

Lang. Soc.

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This study continues an investigation of lexical acculturation in Native American languages using a sample of 292 language cases distributed from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego (Brown 1994). Focus is on the areal diffusion of native language words for imported European Objects and concepts. Approximately 80% of all sharing of such terms is found to occur among closely genetically related languages. Amerindian languages only distantly related, or not related at all, tend to share native labels for acculturated items only when these have diffused to them from a lingua franca, such as Chinook Jargon (a pidgin trade language of the Pacific Northwest Coast) or Peruvian Quechua (the language of the Inca empire). Lingua francas also facilitate diffusion of terms through genetically related languages; but sometimes, as in the case of Algonquian languages, these are neither familiar American pidgins nor languages associated with influential nation states. An explanatory framework is constructed around the proposal that degree of bilingualism positively influences extent of lexical borrowing. (Amerindian languages, bilingualism, language contact, lexical acculturation, lexical diffusion, lingua francas)* This study reports findings of a continuing large-scale comparative investigation of lexical acculturation in Native American languages described by Brown 1994. Lexical acculturation refers to ways in which Amerindians have linguistically accommodated new objects and concepts, e.g. chicken, rice, soap, and Wednesday, encountered in contact with Europeans. Such items are either named by loanwords (e.g. from Spanish into Latin American Indian languages) or by use of native vocabulary (e.g. "little maggots" for rice in many Amerindian languages spoken north of Mexico). The study focuses on the areal diffusion of words for items of acculturation manufactured from native vocabulary (henceforth referred to as "native terms"). Cross-language evidence reveals strong diffusional patterns:(a) In the vast majority of instances, diffusion of native terms for acculturated items has involved languages belonging to the same genetic group-

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Section: Explanatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 90%

Lexical acculturation, areal diffusion, lingua francas, and bilingualism

Brown

1996

Lang. Soc.

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“…In the social science literature concerning research assistants and interpreters, we chiefly find reports of concerns regarding ethnographic translation, along with procedures of how to work with interpreters. For example, a body of established anthropological texts has focused on precise translation details and/or the technicalities of the interview process (such as Malinowski, 1923; Casagrande, 1954a, b, 1955; Werner and Campbell, 1973; Venuti, 2005). 1 The concerns of many such authors are with rigour and process, and how to arrive at a ‘correct’ version of an interview transcription.…”

Section: Ghost‐workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Note: The silenced assistant. Reflections of invisible interpreters and research assistants

Turner

2010

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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Given the increased attention in anthropology and human geography to the positionality and reflexivity of researchers completing fieldwork in foreign countries, it is surprising that we still know relatively little about how research assistants and interpreters are positioned in the field and their own concerns, constraints and coping mechanisms. This article, based on in-depth interviews with local interpreters/research assistants in Vietnam and China, working alongside Western doctoral students researching upland ethnic minority populations, provides space for the assistants' voices. While reflecting upon their own time in the field, we see how the positionalities of these individuals can have rather unexpected consequences. Furthermore, the assistants' analyses of particular events, as well as their take on the best way to proceed in specific circumstances can be at odds with that of their employers, and negotiated coping strategies have to be found. The article concludes with advice from these assistants regarding how future assistants can make the best of their position, and what foreign researchers need to consider in fostering constructive working relationships.

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“…The term refers to grayish‐blue coloration, which suggests perhaps that it was first applied to military blankets and then the meaning transferred. The Comanche nomenclature that developed for cloth blankets reflects a whole typology by color, including also “white blankets,”“red blankets,”“green blankets,”“gray” blankets, and “red‐half” blankets, meaning the half‐red, half‐dark blue traditional “half and half,” originally of woolen stroud trade cloth (Berghaus 1851:52; Casagrande 1954–55:222; Gelo 1995:xviii, 19–20, 55, 64; Wistrand Robinson and Armagost 1990:16). Apparently this classification was consistent with that used by non‐Indian suppliers, since records of trade list “Mexican,”“white,”“red,”“indigo,” and “green” blanket varieties (compiled in Kavanagh 1986:333, 334, 340, 341, 342, 346, 349).…”

Section: The Context Of Costumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present example is nicely striped, and perhaps colorful, though its colors would have been muted in comparison to the nearly fluorescent tones available via synthetic dyes in later Mexican textiles. Vividly striped Mexican serapes (which old‐time Comanches called wokorai , “painted bunting,” after the bright, multihued bird; Casagrande 1954–55:220) remain a favorite gift and regalia item at Kiowa and Comanche powwows today.…”

Section: The Context Of Costumementioning

confidence: 99%

Photographic Evidence for Southern Plains Armor

Gelo

Jones

2009

Visual Anthropology Review

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The use of armor by Plains Indians is one of the more obscure culture traits of the area. Although there are enough occasional references in early historical works to ascertain armor use and reconstruct some of the particulars, pictorial and artifact evidence has been virtually nonexistent. The recent discovery by Lawrence T. Jones III of a photographic carte de visite portraying an unknown Comanche, Kiowa, or Kiowa Apache (Plains Apache) man circa 1871 provides intriguing evidence for armor on the Southern Plains. This find also prompts discussion of related cultural practices and the ethnohistorical potential of photograph analysis.

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Comanche Linguistic Acculturation III

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Lexical acculturation, areal diffusion, lingua francas, and bilingualism

Lexical acculturation, areal diffusion, lingua francas, and bilingualism

Research Note: The silenced assistant. Reflections of invisible interpreters and research assistants

Photographic Evidence for Southern Plains Armor

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