“…The rigid arch models include Scandinavian models such as Carlsson (1987), Rogbeck et al (1998, modified by Van Eekelen et al, 2003), Svanø et al (2000), the enhanced arch model described in, for example, Collin (2004), the design method of the Public Work Research Centre in Japan (2000, discussed in Eski ar et al , 2012). The models that consider the behaviour of the separate mechanical elements and match their boundaries are described in, for example, Filz et al (2012), Deb (2010), Deb and Mohapatra (2013) and Zhang et al (2012). The present paper focuses on the last family of arching models: limit equilibrium models.…”