Column percolation test for contaminated soils: Key factors for standardization

Naka, Angelica; Yasutaka, Tetsuo; Sakanakura, Hirofumi; Kalbe, Ute; Watanabe, Yasutaka; Inoba, Seiji; Takeo, Miyuki; Inui, Tomoyuki; Tanaka, Katsumi; Fujikawa, Takuro; Sato, K.; Higashino, Kazuo; Someya, Masayuki

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.046

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All soils used in this research were collected in the field and not spiked with contaminants, sieved and homogenized in the laboratory, distributed to participating laboratories (in case of Soil I). Soils II and III correspond to Soils B and D reported in [16]. Column tests with Soils II and III were performed again for the purpose of this research.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As every test was performed in duplicate, we do not use the term “repeatability”, but the term “difference in results within laboratory”. Column tests with Soils II and III applied 16 h of equilibration time and a flow rate of 36 mL/h, following the method proposed by Naka et al [16]. Tests performed with Soils II and III were conducted by one laboratory, in duplicate to allow the evaluation of the variability in column test results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaching tests for contaminated soils can be classified as batch tests [1–6], column tests [7–10]and sequential leaching tests [11–14] or monolithic and bulk tests [15]. Leachability of inorganic substances from contaminated soils depends on several physical parameters such as soil homogeneity, particle size distribution, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, flow rate, contact time between the solid and the solution and temperature, as well as parameters of a chemical nature such as pH value, redox conditions, total organic carbon (TOC) content, chemical speciation of contaminants, complexation reactions and biological activity [16–22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of up-flow column percolation tests for contaminated soils

et al. 2017

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Up-flow column percolation tests are used at laboratory scale to assess the leaching behavior of hazardous substance from contaminated soils in a specific condition as a function of time. Monitoring the quality of these test results inter or within laboratory is crucial, especially if used for Environment-related legal policy or for routine testing purposes. We tested three different sandy loam type soils (Soils I, II and III) to determine the reproducibility (variability inter laboratory) of test results and to evaluate the difference in the test results within laboratory. Up-flow column percolation tests were performed following the procedure described in the ISO/TS 21268–3. This procedure consists of percolating solution (calcium chloride 1 mM) from bottom to top at a flow rate of 12 mL/h through softly compacted soil contained in a column of 5 cm diameter and 30 ± 5 cm height. Eluate samples were collected at liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 L/kg and analyzed for quantification of the target elements (Cu, As, Se, Cl, Ca, F, Mg, DOC and B in this research). For Soil I, 17 institutions in Japan joined this validation test. The up-flow column experiments were conducted in duplicate, after 48 h of equilibration time and at a flow rate of 12 mL/h. Column percolation test results from Soils II and III were used to evaluate the difference in test results from the experiments conducted in duplicate in a single laboratory, after 16 h of equilibration time and at a flow rate of 36 mL/h. Overall results showed good reproducibility (expressed in terms of the coefficient of variation, CV, calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean), as the CV was lower than 30% in more than 90% of the test results associated with Soil I. Moreover, low variability (expressed in terms of difference between the two test results divided by the mean) was observed in the test results related to Soils II and III, with a variability lower than 30% in more than 88% of the cases for Soil II and in more than 96% of the cases for Soil III. We also discussed the possible factors that affect the reproducibility and variability in the test results from the up-flow column percolation tests. The low variability inter and within laboratory obtained in this research indicates that the ISO/TS 21268–3 can be successfully upgraded to a fully validated ISO standard.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of up-flow column percolation tests for contaminated soils

et al. 2017

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“…Soil column experiment [10][11]: lay a piece of qualitative filter paper, non-woven fabrics, and 5 cmthick quartz sand rinsed thoroughly at the bottom before putting it into the soil column, then put the soil with the aggregate thickness of 10 cm into it in a stratified manner (soil of each layer is 2 cm thick, and make the soil density close to that of the site with a wooden stick, namely ρ = 1.344 g/cm 3 ). After soil filling is completed, add a layer of 3 cm clean quartz sand and a piece of qualitative filter paper on the surface of soil in turn to make the water distribution evenly in the test, and control the leaching rate with a peristaltic pump (as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Dynamic Penetration Experiments Of Soil Columnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Migration Rules of Sb in Antimony Ore Soil Based on HYDRUS-1D

Zhang¹,

Ren²,

Hursthouse³

et al. 2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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In the surrounding soil of areas of antimony ores mining, mineral separation, and smelting, the content of antimony increases markedly, and the reason is on the one hand, in the mining and separation process of antimony ores, native antimony ore residual particles formed by antimony-bearing rocks and the formation of secondary minerals result in antimony obviously being enriched in the surrounding soil of mining areas [1-2]. On the other hand, the "three waste" materials produced in the mining, separation, and smelting processes of antimony ores become an important source of soil antimony pollution around the mining areas through the wet and dry deposition of atmosphere, rain leaching of waste residues, and waste water irrigation [3-4].

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“…If the sediments of a small agricultural reservoir for irrigation are contaminated with arsenic, leached arsenic from the transported sediment could cause critical water quality issues and food security. Therefore, for efficient management of the quality of irrigation water, understanding of how heavy metals leach from contaminated sediments and soils is required [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Arsenic Leached from Sediments: Agricultural Implications of Abandoned Mines

et al. 2019

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Heavy metals, including arsenic from abandoned mines, are easily transported with sediment and deposited in waterbodies such as reservoirs and lakes, creating critical water quality issues when they are released. Understanding the leaching of heavy metals is necessary for developing efficient water quality improvement plans. This study investigated how arsenic leaches from different soil and sediment types and responds to hydrologic conditions to identify areas susceptible to arsenic contamination. In this study, batch- and column-leaching tests and sequential extraction procedures were used to examine arsenic leaching processes in detail. The results showed that most arsenic-loaded sediments accumulated in the vicinity of a reservoir inlet, and arsenic in reservoir beds have a higher leaching potential than those from agricultural land and stream beds. Arsenic deposited at the bottom of reservoirs had higher mobility than that in the other soils and sediments, and arsenic leaching was closely associated with the acidity of water. In addition, arsenic leaching was found to be responsive to seasons (wet or dry) as its mobilization is controlled by organic compounds that vary over time. The results suggested that temporal variations in the hydrochemical composition of reservoir water should be considered when defining a management plan for reservoir water quality.

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Column percolation test for contaminated soils: Key factors for standardization

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Reproducibility of up-flow column percolation tests for contaminated soils

Reproducibility of up-flow column percolation tests for contaminated soils

Study on the Migration Rules of Sb in Antimony Ore Soil Based on HYDRUS-1D

Characteristics of Arsenic Leached from Sediments: Agricultural Implications of Abandoned Mines

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