“Colposcopy in the Diagnosis of Premalignant Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix”

Abstract

Introduction Cervical malignancy is the fourth most common cancer in women. By 2030, cervical cancer is expected to kill over 474,000 women per year and 95 % of these deaths are expected to be in low- and middle-income countries. Colposcopy is a simple non-invasive procedure to study benign and premalignant lesions of the cervix. It also determines the location, size, and extent of abnormal cervical lesions and guides to detecting the site for biopsies. Material and method This retrospective study was carried out at a colposcopy clinic in district Shivpuri M.P. From 1 April 2019 to 31 July 2022. About a total of 59 patients were selected for this study. After counseling and written consent, the colposcopy was carried out in screened-positive patients. All results were noted and documented. In the patient with a positive nding suspicious of the premalignant lesion, a biopsy was taken from the suspicious area and sent for histopathological examination. Result The most common age group nding in this study was between 31-40 (44.06%), Most of the patients were of low socioeconomic group (50.84%), most common age at marriage was 18-20 years (54.23%) most of them were multipara (76.27%) and most of them were belong to rural area (61.01%). The most common presenting symptom was excessive vaginal discharge (61.01%) followed by post-coital bleeding (11.86%) and abnormal intermenstrual bleeding (11.86%). Out of 59 patients, with Swede score on Colposcopic examination LSILcases were 54.23% and HSILcases were 18.64%. On a colposcopy-directed biopsy, among a total of 59 patients, histopathology examination results showed Chronic cervicitis in (18.64%) patients, CIN I in (40.67%), CIN II (28.81%), and CIN III (11.86%). Conclusion Colposcopy is an important triaging investigation between a screen-positive woman and the histopathological diagnosis and thus represents an important component of cervical cancer screening.