Coloured Petri Nets-Based Modeling and Validation of Insulin Infusion Pump Systems

Abstract

Safety and effectiveness are crucial quality attributes for insulin infusion pump systems. Therefore, regulatory agencies require the quality evaluation and approval of such systems before the market to decrease the risk of harm, motivating the usage of a formal Model-Based Approach (MBA) to improve quality. Nevertheless, using a formal MBA increases costs and development time because it requires expert knowledge and thorough analyses of behaviors. We aim to assist the quality evaluation of such systems in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner, providing re-usable project artifacts by applying our proposed approach (named MBA with CPN—MBA/CPN). We defined a Coloured Petri nets MBA and a case study on a commercial insulin infusion pump system to verify and validate a reference model (as a component of MBA/CPN), describing quality assessment scenarios. We also conducted an empirical evaluation to verify the productivity and reusability of modelers when using the reference model. Such a model is relevant to reason about behaviors and quality evaluation of such concurrent and complex systems. During the empirical evaluation, using the reference model, 66.7% of the 12 interviewed modelers stated no effort, while 8.3% stated low effort, 16.7% medium effort, and 8.3% considerable effort. Based on the modelers’ knowledge, we implemented a web-based application to assist them in re-using our proposed approach, enabling simulation-based training. Although a reduced number of modelers experimented with our approach, such an evaluation provided insights to improve the MBA/CPN. Given the empirical evaluation and the case study results, MBA/CPN showed to be relevant to assess the quality of insulin infusion pump systems.

Coloured Petri nets for abstract test generation in software engineering

“…We used the CPN Tools software to develop and analyse the CPN models. In this section, we describe a sample of the CPN model of insulin infusion pump systems presented and validated in our previous research [15,16]. In Costa et al [15], we presented a CPN reference model to assist manufacturers in developing and certifying insulin infusion pump systems.…”

“…In Costa et al [15], we presented a CPN reference model to assist manufacturers in developing and certifying insulin infusion pump systems. In Costa et al [16], we improved the results presented in Costa et al [15] by proposing and evaluating a model‐based approach for modeling and validating insulin infusion pump systems using CPN reference models. The CPN reference model is composed of hardware and software modules.…”

“…We conducted the SLR based on the guidelines given by Kitchenham et al [12] and Wohlin [13]. We also performed the experiments considering Electrocardiograph (ECG) and insulin infusion pump systems based on the CPN models described and validated in our previous research [14‐16]. Therefore, we present two main contributions: the literature review on MBT, identifying related works and the research gap on CPN; and the empirical comparison of abstract test generation approaches for CPN, filling the identified research gap.…”