In this thesis I study the infrared limits of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) beyond leading power by developing effective quantum field theory techniques. I apply these formal developments to deepen our understanding of the infrared structure of gauge theory amplitudes and cross sections in the soft, collinear and Regge limit, as well as to improve predictions for collider observables.Using and extending the framework of Soft and Collinear Effective Theory (SCET), I explore the ingredients of factorization beyond leading power constructing subleading hard scattering operator and radiative jet and soft functions for processes such as Higgs boson production as well as the production of electroweak gauge bosons and their decay.I introduce new subleading power gauge invariant objects, the 𝜃-jet and 𝜃-soft functions, which arise in the renormalization of non local gauge invariant objects beyond leading power. I use them to achieve, for the first time, the resummation of collinear and soft logarithms beyond leading power for a collider observable in QCD.I study the perturbative power corrections to differential distributions for color singlet production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). I explore the implications of retaining the full dependence on the kinematics of the color singlet particles and I highlight and solve the subtleties related to the regularization of rapidity divergences beyond leading power for which I propose a new regulator, the pure rapidity regulator.I present a new method to employ cutting edge multiloop techniques for the computation of the expansions of cross sections in the collinear limit. This allows the extraction of universal ingredients arising in the collinear limit of QCD to an unprecedented level of precision in perturbation theory. It also provides a powerful method to construct systematically improvable analytic approximations to differential distributions at an order beyond what is currently feasible in full kinematics.I also examine factorization and resummation in the Regge limit at the amplitude and the cross section level. I develop a Lagrangian formalism for the treatment of fermion mediated forward scattering processes in QCD, which are generated at iii subleading power in the forward limit, and apply it to obtain the quark reggeization as well as the BFKL resummation of small-𝑥 logarithms for di-photon production at the LHC.