Colour spaces effects on improved discrete wavelet transform‐based digital image watermarking using Arnold transform map

Abstract

The most digital image watermarking algorithms have nearly always been realised in red, green and blue (RGB) colour space. In this study, a secure, robust and imperceptible CDMA image watermarking scheme which uses discrete wavelet transform is proposed and tested in eight colour spaces RGB, YCbCr, JPEG-YCbCr, YIQ, YUV, hue, saturation, intensity, hue, saturation, value and CIELab to determine which colour space is more effective in watermarking algorithms based on correlation techniques and provides a result which does not differ immeasurably from the original with respect to imperceptibility and robustness. In the proposed scheme, a scrambled binary image by Arnold transform map, after encryption, is embedded into sub-images of the first channel wavelet decomposition of intended colour space using block processing technique. The experimental results show that the proposed approach provides extra imperceptibility, security and robustness against JPEG compression and different noise attacks compared to the similar proposed methods in earlier works.

Non Correlation DWT Based Watermarking Behavior in Different Color Spaces

“…In addition, encoding host images by ATM method and embedding watermarks in the first channel of each color space are the other criteria for increasing security. By comparing different color spaces, it could be found that in based non correlation watermarking algorithms not only our proposed formula called JPEG-YCbCr color space in [20] improves correlation and PSNR values of YCbCr color space, rather like previous work for based correlation watermarking algorithms in [14], it satisfies imperceptibility more than the other color spaces. After that, respectively, HSV, HSI, YUV & YIQ, RGB, CIELab and YCbCr color spaces have the most ability to satisfy imperceptibility requirement.…”

“…watermarked images were being under cropping attacks and then the extraction process of watermark on the cropped areas was performed. 532 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org In this paper, a non correlation based image watermarking scheme using DWT2 proposed and tested in eight historical color spaces: RGB, YCbCr, YIQ, YUV, HSI, HSV, CIELab and improved YCbCr color space, called JPEG-YCbCr which is presented by our formula in [20], to develop the results of previous work in [14] and achieve a comprehensive investigation on the effects of different color spaces on both based correlation and non correlation watermarking techniques. The watermarking security is more satisfactory than the similar works.…”

“…In this color space the differences between points plotted in the color space correspond to visual differences between the colors plotted. The CIE recommended to use XYZ coordinate system to transform RGB to L*a*b* [14].…”

“…CIELab and etc.) [14]. In RGB model, colors are specified in terms of the three primary colors red (R), green (G) and blue (B).…”

“…There are a lot of studies which describe and use a lot of color spaces to improve each watermarking property, but each study usually focuses on a specific color space, showing the results obtained with that color format. Although, In [14], a DWT2 based CDMA image watermarking scheme proposed and tested in eight color spaces RGB, YCbCr, JPEG-YCbCr, YIQ, YUV, HSI, HSV and CIELab, to explore how the choice of color space, influences the results of correlation based image watermarking algorithms with respect to changes in watermarking anticipating properties such as imperceptibility and robustness against different attacks, but a similar study on based non correlation image watermarking has not done yet. Therefore, in this paper, using wavelet transform, a non correlation based image watermarking scheme proposes and testes in the same color 526 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org spaces, to develop the results of previous work in [14] and achieve a comprehensive investigation on the effects of aforementioned color spaces on both based correlation and non correlation watermarking techniques.…”