Colour of honey: can we trust the Pfund scale? – An alternative graphical tool covering the whole visible spectra

Bodor, Zsanett; Benedek, Csilla; Urbin, Ágnes; Szabó, Dániel; Sípos, László

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111859

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The color of pure SBH can range from white to dark amber [ 44 , 45 ]. From the images of the samples, the SBH adulterated with water and apple cider exhibits visible color changes from light amber to water white (based on the Pfund scale) [ 46 , 47 ]. However, the SBH sample adulterated with fructose syrup does not show significant changes from the visual perception.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectroscopic and colorimetric techniques can provide a more exact evaluation of honey color and are used to identify the small differences between the color of honeys [ 47 ]. A further possible practice for the determination of honey color is using the colorimetric parameters based on spectral information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CIELAB color space was utilized [ 2 , 36 , 48 , 49 ], with reference to illuminant D65 and a visual angle of

(CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Observer) [ 48 , 49 ]. The wavelength range used in the calculation was 380–780 nm [ 47 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identification of Stingless Bee Honey Adulteration Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Aquaphotomics

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Honey is a natural product that is considered globally one of the most widely important foods. Various studies on authenticity detection of honey have been fulfilled using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy techniques. However, there are limited studies on stingless bee honey (SBH) despite the increase of market demand for this food product. The objective of this work was to present the potential of Vis-NIR absorbance spectroscopy for profiling, classifying, and quantifying the adulterated SBH. The SBH sample was mixed with various percentages (10–90%) of adulterants, including distilled water, apple cider vinegar, and high fructose syrup. The results showed that the region at 400–1100 nm that is related to the color and water properties of the samples was effective to discriminate and quantify the adulterated SBH. By applying the principal component analysis (PCA) on adulterants and honey samples, the PCA score plot revealed the classification of the adulterants and adulterated SBHs. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to quantify the contamination level in the SBH samples. The general PLSR model with the highest coefficient of determination and lowest root means square error of cross-validation (RCV2=0.96 and RMSECV=5.88 %) was acquired. The aquaphotomics analysis of adulteration in SBH with the three adulterants utilizing the short-wavelength NIR region (800–1100 nm) was presented. The structural changes of SBH due to adulteration were described in terms of the changes in the water molecular matrix, and the aquagrams were used to visualize the results. It was revealed that the integration of NIR spectroscopy with aquaphotomics could be used to detect the water molecular structures in the adulterated SBH.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Identification of Stingless Bee Honey Adulteration Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Aquaphotomics

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lime (71.79 ± 31.98) and rapeseed (86.91 ± 51.06) honeys are characterized by a much higher value of color. The color of honeydew honeys is much higher-at the level of 131.16 ± 51.64 mm Pfund [22]. Our analyses showed a slightly lower value for linden (61.1 ± 11.5) and rapeseed (53.6 ± 16.7) honeys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…The term color on the Pfund scale was introduced to classify color on a numerical scale or as categories. The latter method is based on assigning numerical results to each class: white water (0-8), extra white (9-17), white (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), extra light amber (35-50), light amber (51-85), amber (86-114), and dark amber (over 115) [15]. As these terms do not correspond directly to the nomenclature of honeys in Poland, we used universal numerical values in this publication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Properties of Honey from Poland, Italy, and Spain Based on the Declarations of Producers and Their Results of Melissopalinological Analysis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural bee honeys are commonly used by patients for nutritional, preventive, and curative purposes. Honey varieties produced in other countries, including Italy and Spain, are gaining popularity. The aim of the study was to evaluate selected antioxidant properties of honey, taking into account the declared and actual variety. The research material consisted of 105 honey samples, including honeys from Poland (n = 50), from Spain (n = 35), and from Italy (n = 20). The variety was determined by the melissopalinological method, and in the case of honeydew honeys, the electrical conductivity was measured. Total phenolic content (TPC), color intensity, color in Pfund scale, DPPH, and FRAP were assessed. Polish buckwheat honeys, with confirmed botanical origin, are characterized by the highest median of the TPC (213.05 mg GAE/100 g), the highest color intensity (1.138 mAU), and the highest value in the FRAP test (0.394 µM Fe2+/mL). In conclusion, proper labeling of bee honeys is necessary so as not to mislead consumers, and buckwheat honeys from Poland can be recommended to patients for prophylactic purposes in order to provide antioxidants in the diet.

show abstract

Comparative study on the physicochemical characteristics and botanical diversity of Moroccan honeys

Lakhmili,

El-Abbassi,

Warda

et al. 2024

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Colour of honey: can we trust the Pfund scale? – An alternative graphical tool covering the whole visible spectra

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Identification of Stingless Bee Honey Adulteration Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Aquaphotomics

Identification of Stingless Bee Honey Adulteration Using Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Aquaphotomics

Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Properties of Honey from Poland, Italy, and Spain Based on the Declarations of Producers and Their Results of Melissopalinological Analysis

Comparative study on the physicochemical characteristics and botanical diversity of Moroccan honeys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About