Colour Doppler Imaging of Superior Ophthalmic Vein in Thyroid-Associated Eye Disease

Somer, Deniz; Özkan, Seyhan B.; Özdemi̇r, Hakan; Atilla, Serhan; Söylev, Meltem F.; Duman, Sunay

doi:10.1016/s0021-5155(02)00485-9

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…18 Engorgement of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and decrease or reversed blood flow of SOV have also been reported in patients with GO. 19,20 Somer et al 21 further noted that the computed tomographic findings of coexistence of horizontal and vertical extraocular muscle enlargement and apical crowding of the orbit seemed to contribute to significant decreases in blood flow velocity of SOV in colour Doppler imaging study. Li et al 22 reported that the blood flow velocity in central retinal artery were significantly lower in thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy as compared to those of normal subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pulsatile ocular blood flow change after treatment with systemic steroid in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy

Tsai

Kau²,

Tsai

et al. 2005

Eye

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Purpose Our previous study has demonstrated an impairment of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in patients with Graves'ophthalmopathy (GO). Here we further evaluate the haemodynamic change in GO patients after systemic steroid. Methods In a prospective, interventional, consecutive clinical case series, all patients with active and moderately severe GO who underwent systemic steroid treatment were evaluated. The change of POBF and the clinical activity and severity of the disease were assessed. Results In total, 11 patients underwent intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by 2-month oral prednisolone therapy. POBF improved from a mean value of 476.5 to 614.7 ll/min (Po0.001) after treatment. Likewise, the mean clinical activity score reduced from 4.8 to 1.6. However, systemic steroid had less effect on the severity of GO. It also revealed that there is a greater improvement of POBF in those with more clinical activity score (44) at the onset. Conclusions Following treatment with systemic steroid we have demonstrated a significant improvement in POBF in patients with GO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pulsatile ocular blood flow change after treatment with systemic steroid in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy

Tsai

Kau²,

Tsai

et al. 2005

Eye

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“…18 Elevated episcleral venous pressure value has been demonstrated in GO, and raised retrobulbar pressure above normal venous pressure has been reported as a possible cause of reduced orbital venous drainage. 19,20 Konuk et al 21 found that the superior ophthalmic vein blood flow velocity was significantly lower in severe GO cases compared with modere and mild ones. The increase in venous pressure may lead to an elevation with IOP in some patients with GO.…”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal changes observed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in patients with mild Graves orbitopathy

Özkan

Koçer

Altıntaş

et al. 2016

Eye

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“…Congestion of the superior orbital vein plays an important role in the inflammatory phase, as demonstrated by computed tomography (19,20,21) and color Doppler imaging studies (22,23,24,25). It has been suggested that in GO the success of the immunosuppressive treatment is the result of the effect not only on the autoimmune process but also on the reduction of orbital venous congestion.…”

Section: Chronic Congestive Gomentioning

confidence: 99%

THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Endocrine dilemma: management of Graves’ orbitopathy

Campi

Vannucchi

Salvi

2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Management of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) must be based on the correct assessment of activity and severity of the disease. Activity is usually assessed with the Clinical Activity Score, whereas severity is classified according to a European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) consensus statement as mild, moderate-to-severe, and sight-threatening. Myopathic and chronic congestive forms are uncommon clinical presentations of GO. Restoration and maintenance of stable euthyroidism are recommended in the presence of GO. In moderate-to-severe disease, steroids have been widely employed and have shown to possess an anti-inflammatory activity, but about 20 -30% of patients are not responsive and present recurrence. Some novel immunosuppressors have already been employed in clinical studies and have shown interesting results, although the lack of randomized and controlled trials suggests caution for their use in clinical practice. Potential targets for therapy in GO are the thyroid-stimulating hormone and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor on the fibroblasts, inflammatory cytokines, B and T cells, and the PIK3/mTORC1 signaling cascades for adipogenesis. A recent open study has shown that tocilizumab, an anti-sIL-6R antibody, inactivates GO. Consistent reports on the efficacy of rituximab have recently been challenged by randomized controlled trials. As the main goal of treatment is the well-being of the patient, the therapeutic strategy should be addressed to better suit the patient needs, more than improving one or more biological parameters. The increasing availability of new therapies will expand the therapeutic options for GO patients and allow the clinician to really personalize the treatment to better suit the patients' personal needs.

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Colour Doppler Imaging of Superior Ophthalmic Vein in Thyroid-Associated Eye Disease

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Pulsatile ocular blood flow change after treatment with systemic steroid in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy

Pulsatile ocular blood flow change after treatment with systemic steroid in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy

Choroidal changes observed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in patients with mild Graves orbitopathy

THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Endocrine dilemma: management of Graves’ orbitopathy

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