Colour blindness and driving

Cole, Barry L

doi:10.1111/cxo.12396

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Stereoscopic cues, however, appear to be more important for time‐to‐contact judgments that become less accurate when disparity cues are not present . Colour vision and hue perception are also reduced under low luminance levels, however, whether these changes in colour vision are likely to have any effect on nighttime driving ability is unclear, and there is ongoing debate about the role of colour vision in driving more broadly …”

Section: Visual Performance Under Low Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges

Wood

2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Nighttime driving is dangerous and is one of the most challenging driving situations for most drivers. Fatality rates are higher at night than in the day when adjusted for distances travelled, particularly for crashes involving pedestrians and cyclists. Although there are multiple contributory factors, the low light levels at night are believed to be the major cause of collisions with pedestrians and cyclists at night, most likely due to their reduced visibility. Understanding the visibility problems involved in nighttime driving is thus critical, given the increased risk to road safety. Recent Findings This review discusses research that highlights key differences in the nighttime road environment compared to the day and how this affects visual function and driving performance, together with an overview of studies investigating how driver age and visual status affect nighttime driving performance. Research that has focused on the visibility of vulnerable road users at nighttime (pedestrians and cyclists) is also included. Summary Collectively, the research evidence suggests that visual function is reduced under the mesopic lighting conditions of night driving and that these effects are exacerbated by increasing age and visual impairment. Light and glare from road lighting and headlights have significant impacts on vision and night driving and these effects are likely to change with evolving technologies, such as LED streetlighting and headlights. Research also highlights the importance of the visibility of vulnerable road users at night and the role of retroreflective clothing in the ‘biomotion’ configuration for improving their conspicuity and hence safety.

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Section: Visual Performance Under Low Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nighttime driving: visual, lighting and visibility challenges

Wood

2019

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Even in common activities, such as driving, colour is important and is often used to signal safety-critical information. 13 The use of red and white lights in Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) lights in aviation is another good example. In this task, it is essential that the pilot can name correctly the number of red and white lights as an indication of the airplane's position with respect to the expected glide path designated for the runway.…”

Section: Signalling Information By Means Of Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,25 In spite of large variability that can be attributed, at least in part, to poor isolation of colour signals, differences in test protocol and inconsistent examination conditions, there is little doubt that the absence of RG CV can be a severe disadvantage in many occupational environments. 13 It is also of great interest to establish how the severity of loss in anomalous trichromats can affect visual performance in working environments that employ suprathreshold colours (often defined by both RG and YB colour signals). Studies carried out over several decades have shown that, in general, subjects with abnormal CV make more errors on many conventional colour assessment tests and produce slower motor responses than those with normal CV.…”

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confidence: 99%

Colour vision requirements in visually demanding occupations

Barbur¹,

Rodriguez‐Carmona²

2017

British Medical Bulletin

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Normal trichromatic colour vision (CV) is often required as a condition for employment in visually demanding occupations. If accurate CV tests were available Q2 to enforce this requirement, a significant percentage of subjects with anomalous, congenital trichromacy who can perform the suprathreshold, colour-related tasks encountered in many occupations with the same accuracy as normal trichromats would fail. These applicants would therefore be discriminated against unfairly. One solution to this problem is to produce minimum, justifiable CV requirements that are specific to each occupation. This has been done successfully for commercial aviation (i.e. the flight crew) and for Transport for London train drivers. An alternative approach is to make use of new findings and the statistical outcomes of past practices to produce graded, justifiable CV categories that can be enforced. To achieve this aim, we analysed colour assessment outcomes and quantified severity of CV loss in 1363 subjects. The severity of CV loss was measured in each subject and statistical, pass/fail outcomes established for each of the most commonly used, conventional colour assessment tests and protocols. This evidence and new findings that relate severity of loss to the effective use of colour signals in a number of tasks provide the basis for a new colour grading system based on six categories. A single colour assessment test is needed to establish the applicant's CV category which can range from 'supernormal', for the most stringent, colour-demanding tasks, to 'severe colour deficiency', when red/ green CV is either absent or extremely weak.

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confidence: 99%

“…This is a topic of considerable interest in the current literature, with numerous papers evaluating various batteries of tests of vision or combinations of vision and cognition for predicting fitness to drive. In this special issue, the potential role of colour vision 8 and cognitive abilities 9 in driving safety are considered, with one study demonstrating that driving cessation was strongly associated with reductions in contrast sensitivity, visual fields and visual processing speeds in a large cohort of older drivers. 10 Other studies considered the potential role of conditional licensing for drivers waiting for cataract surgery, 11 highlighting the fact that many drivers with cataracts on waiting lists for surgery would fail the visual acuity standards for driving.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%